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1. Charles Babbage
- www.zyvex.com
- Some links to information on Charles Babbage.
- Perhaps the most famous mechanical computer was Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, first proposed in the 1830's. ...
- This page has links to information on Babbage and a few comments by Doron Swade on a proposal by Fowler in 1841 for a type of mechanical rod logic, a proposal of particular interest in light of more recent proposals by Drexler (see chapter 12 of Nanosystems) for nanomechanical computation which implement binary logic operations using molecular "rods. ...
- It is interesting to contemplate the effect on history if Babbage had realized that a stored program computer could be made using relays. ...
- A brief biography of Charles Babbage from Virginia Polytechnic's History of Computing site. ...
- The Charles Babbage Institute (CBI) has a biography of Babbage. ...
- The Babbage Pages from Exeter. ...
- Jonathan Bowen maintains a page on Babbage .
- Yahoo maintains a web page on Babbage. ...
- A brief historical discussion of Babbage's Analytical Engine. ...
- Hyman, Charles Babbage: Pioneer of the Computer, Oxford University Press, 1982. ...
- ), Science and Reform: Selected Works of Charles Babbage Cambridge University Press, 1989. ...
- Swade, Charles Babbage and his Calculating Engines, Science Museum, London, 1991. ...
- Uglow, eds; Cultural Babbage: Technology, Time and Invention, Faber and Faber, London, 1996. ...
- Swade, The Difference Engine : Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First Computer, Viking Press, 2001. ...
- The chapter 'It will not slice a pineapple': Babbage, Miracles and Machines by Doron Swade (from reference 5, above) has a few paragraphs of particular interest with respect to rod logic: Thomas Fowler, a self-taught Devonshire printer and bookseller, devised an original calculating device. ... Dignitaries of the mathematical establishment including Babbage, the astronomer Francis Baily and the logician Augustus De Morgan witnessed the device in action and confirmed its originality and efficiency. Fowler's machine differed in essential respects from Babbage's. Babbage's engines used the familiar decimal system with the numbers 0 through 9 each of which was represented by a discrete position of a rotating gear wheel. ... In the light of Konrad Zuse's work in Germany on mechanial and electromechanical digital devices in the 1930s and 1940s, and the almost universal adoption of binary (two-state) digital techniques in the electronic computer age, Fowler's calculator was in certain respects vastly more promising than Babbage's. It is with unmistakable bitterness that Thomas Fowler's son wrote in a biographical notice following his father's death that 'the government of the day refused even to look at my father's machine, on the express ground that they had spent such large sums with no satisfactory result, on Babbage's "calculating engine"'. ... As with Babbage, the fate of innovation depended on vastly more than the promise or capability of the technology alone. ...
2. The Babbage Pages: Homepage
- www.ex.ac.uk
- Welcome to The Babbage Pages.
- Babbage, Charles (1791-1871).
- These pages give an introduction to Babbage`s life and work, and current research on Babbage. ...
- Publications by Babbage .
- Papers on Babbage .
- Babbage at the Science Museum .
- University of Exeter homesite for The Babbage Pages .
- Original design & construction for the Babbage Pages by Ray Burnley Maintainer & date: R. ...
- uk/BABBAGE/welcome. ...
3. The Babbage Pages: Ada Lovelace
- www.ex.ac.uk
- In 1833 Ada met Babbage and was fascinated with both him and his Engines. ... She translated a paper on Babbage's Engines by General Menabrea, later to be prime minister of the newly united Italy. Under Babbage's careful supervision Ada added extensive notes (c. ... Science and Reform, Selected Works of Charles Babbage, by Anthony Hyman) which constitute the best contemporary description of the Engines, and the best account we have of Babbage's views on the general powers of the Engines. ...
- This is nonsense: Babbage was, if programmer is the right term. After Babbage came a mathematical assistant of his, Babbage's eldest son, Herschel, and possibly Babbage's two younger sons. ... Moreover all she did was rework some calculations Babbage had carried out years earlier. ... Ada Lovelace figures in the history of the Calculating Engines as Babbage's interpretress, his `fairy lady'. ...
- | The Babbage Pages home |.
- uk/BABBAGE/ada. ...
4. Charles Babbage (1791-1871)
- vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk
- Charles Babbage (1791-1871).
- (Photograph of Charles Babbage in 1847. ...
- The Babbage Difference Engine .
- The Babbage Difference Engine No. ...
- The Difference Engine designed by Charles Babbage (1792-1871) .
- Jane and Jonathan Bowen using the Babbage Difference Engine .
- Charles Babbage Institute, Center for the History of Information Processing, University of Minnesota. See brief biography of Charles Babbage. ...
- Babbage's Calculating Engine, 1832 --> Babbage's Calculating Engines (1832-71) at the Science Museum, London. ...
- --> Babbage's Calculating Engines 1832-71 exhibit from the Computing Then and Now gallery page in the Treasures of the Science Museum on-line exhibition. ...
- --> The Selling of the Difference Engine by Alister Babbage, great-great-great-grandson of Charles Babbage. ...
- Charles Babbage brief biography by J. ...
- Charles Babbage, holder of the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge. ...
- Charles Babbage (1791-1871) links in the History of Mathematics Home Page. ...
- Charles Babbage entry in the SJSU Virtual Museum, San Jose State University, California, on the history of science, mathematics and technology, feauturing individual scientists and mathematicians. ...
- Charles Babbage biographical information by Kate Richmond. ...
5. Charles Babbage
- www.thocp.net
- Charles Babbage.
- Charles Babbage.
- Charles Babbage designs the Difference Engine but the machine will never be realized. ...
- Charles Babbage was born in London on December 26, 1792 (3), the son of Benjamin Babbage, a London banker. As a youth Babbage was his own instructor in algebra, of which he was passionately fond, and was well-read in the continental mathematics of his day. ...
- With Herschel, Peacock, and others, Babbage founded the Analytical Society for promoting continental mathematics and, reforming the mathematics of Newton, then taught at the university. ...
- In his twenties Babbage worked as a mathematician, principally in the calculus of functions. ... It was about this time that Babbage first acquired the interest in calculating machinery that became his consuming passion for the remainder of his life. ...
- Throughout his life Babbage worked in many intellectual fields typical of his day, and made contributions that would have assured his fame irrespective of the Difference and Analytical Engines. ...
- Babbage occupied the Lucasian chair of mathematics at Cambridge from 1828 to 1839. ...
- Despite his many achievements, the failure to construct his calculating machines, and in particular the failure of the government to support his work, left Babbage in his declining years a disappointed and embittered man. ...
- Babbage's father (Benjamin Babbage), his second son and his wife all died in this year.
- Construction of DE ceased due to a financial based conflict between Babbage and the engineer Clement.
- Babbage engaged into the dispute on the width of railroad tracks.
- Babbage wrote the ballet "Alethes and Iris" to get familiar with and study theater lighting.
- Babbage died embittered in his home in London, UK.
6. Charles Babbage et ses calculateurs
- www.tsi.enst.fr
- Charles Babbage et ses calculateurs .
- Babbage s'intéresse aux calculateurs .
- Le jeune Babbage avait eu l'occasion en 1820, de participer à la tâche difficile, ennuyeuse et peu fiable de la préparation de tables astronomiques. ...
- Comment Babbage a-t-il traduit ce principe sur sa machine ? .
- Babbage savait par ailleurs que cela permettait de calculer également des tables de logarithmes, etc. ...
- Babbage réussit à établir des plans complets pour sa machine, et parvint même à en construire un prototype réduit, qui montra que le concept était parfaitement au point. Mais le Difference Engine ne fut jamais construit par Babbage, bien qu'il remplissait en théorie parfaitement le rôle qu'on lui attribuait. ...
- En fait, à ce stade, le Difference Engine, trop limité aux yeux de son inventeur, avait perdu pour Babbage tout son intérêt. ...
- Bien entendu un engin mécanique d'une telle complexité était excessivement coûteux, et Babbage épuisa rapidement ses fonds propres. Il sollicita alors le gouvernement pour le financement, mais celui-ci refusa, convaincu que Babbage ne livrerait pas plus l'Analytical Engine que le Difference Engine, qui avait déjà englouti 17000 £ d'argent publique. Entre 1834 et 1846, Babbage élabora donc les plans de l'Analytical Engine, sans pouvoir entamer sa construction. ... Ce texte fut ensuite traduit en Anglais par Ada Byron Lovelace, amie de Babbage. ... Son article resta l'unique description détaillée de l'invention de Babbage jusqu'aux années 1980. ...
- Mathématicienne, elle était à même de comprendre les concepts des appareils de Babbage, et les décrivit en détail et avec une touche de poésie qui manquait à Babbage. ...
- Babbage ne parviendra jamais à fabriquer une machine complète, même s'il a cherché à financer lui-même cette production, notamment en tentant de concevoir un jeu de morpion automatique, et en tentant, avec l'aide d'Ada, de développer des techniques infaillibles pour gagner aux courses. ...
- Outre les ennuis d'ordre financier, Babbage faisait face à des problèmes plus fondamentaux : personne, en 1840, n'a vraiment l'utilité d'une machine comme l'Analytical Engine : il est trop en avance sur son temps. ...
7. Charles Babbage (1791-1871)
- www.victorianweb.org
- Charles Babbage (1791-1871).
- Charles Babbage was an astonishingly original and innovative thinker in Victorian Britain. ... Babbage pioneered many other technical innovations as well as developing mathematical code breaking. ...
- Babbage's Analytical Engine designs are particularly impressive today as they contained many similar elements to modern digital computers. For example, Babbage's engines 'punched card control; separate store and mill; a set of internal registers (the table axes); fast multiplier/divider; a range of peripherals; even array processing' (Hyman). The Science Museum assembled Babbage's Calculating Engine number 2 according to his original designs in 1991. ...
- In the philosophy of science Babbage also made important contributions. ... Miracles were not, argued Babbage, evidence of the succession of natural laws, but might merely be evidence of a higher or greater law of which we had heretofore been ignorant. The secret evolutionist author of the Vestiges of the natural history of creation outlined Babbage's point:.
- Babbage, in his Ninth Bridgewater Treatise. ...
- Babbage, " let me ask you how long you will have counted before you are firmly convinced that the engine has been so adjusted, that it will continue, while its motion is maintained, to produce the same series of natural numbers? Some minds are so constituted, that, after passing the first hundred terms, they will be satisfied that they are acquainted with the law. ...
- Babbage. ...
- Babbage. ...
- Babbage. ...
- Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage, Esq. ...
- Babbage's Intelligence: Calculating Engines and the Factory System, by Simon Schaffer.
8. The Analytical Engine
- www.fourmilab.ch
- Seldom, if ever, in the history of technology has so long an interval separated the invention of a device and its realisation in hardware as that which elapsed between Charles Babbage's description, in 1837, of the Analytical Engine, a mechanical digital computer which, viewed with the benefit of a century and a half's hindsight, anticipated virtually every aspect of present-day computers. Charles Babbage (1792-1871) was an eminent figure in his day, elected Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge in 1828 (the same Chair held by Newton and, in our days, Stephen Hawking); he resigned this professorship in 1839 to devote his full attention to the Analytical Engine. Babbage was a Fellow of the Royal Society and co-founder of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the Royal Astronomical Society, and the Statistical Society of London. ...
- It was only after the first electromechanical and later, electronic computers had been built in the twentieth century, that designers of those machines discovered the extent to which Babbage had anticipated almost every aspect of their work. ...
- These pages are an on-line museum celebrating Babbage's Analytical Engine. ...
- Since we're fortunate enough to live in a world where Babbage's dream has been belatedly realised, albeit in silicon rather than brass, we can not only read about The Analytical Engine but experience it for ourselves. ...
9. Charles Babbage Foundation
- www.babbagefoundation.org
- The Charles Babbage Foundation (CBF) is a nonprofit California corporation that provides financial and advisory support to organizations dedicated to the preservation, interpretation and dissemination of the history of information technology. ...
- net · ©2005, Charles Babbage Foundation, All Rights Reserved.
10. Charles Babbage, the Difference Engine, and the Birth of Computers
- mairead.freeservers.com
- Home > Charles Babbage .
- In July of 1822, two days after Shelley drowned, Babbage described to the president of the Royal Society his plan for calculating and printing mathematical tables by machine. Inventor of the first universal digital computing device, the logical structure of the modern computer can be traced back to Babbage. ...
- The Whiggery of the mid-Victorian era optimistically endorsed the principle of progress, and Babbage saw the route to advancement in man's mastery over nature. Babbage wanted to quantify everything. ...
- With watch in hand, Babbage discovers operational research, the scientific study of manufacturing processes. ...
- In Mechanics Magazine in 1857 Babbage published a "Table of the Relative Frequency of the Causes of Breaking of Plate Glass Windows". Babbage thought the table would be "of value in many respects", and might "induce others to furnish more extensive collections of similar and related facts". ...
- Babbage's Observations of Street Nuisances (1864) saw him calculate that noise-making and street musicians had destroyed 25% of his working power. Letters to the Times and the enforcement of "Babbage's Act", which would squelch street nuisances, made him the target of ridicule. ...
- Babbage's inadequacy as a political man was probably the main cause for his Analytical Engine being forgotten about for so long. ...
- It is easy to forget that Babbage was essentially a child of the Enlightenment, and that his epoch was much different from our own. ...
- Charles Babbage Institute biography of Charles Babbage.
- The Babbage Pages.
- uk/babbage/.
- Search for Charles Babbage on:.
11. Ada Byron (Lovelace)
- www.cs.yale.edu
- Somerville's that Ada heard in November, 1834, Babbage's ideas for a new calculating engine, the Analytical Engine. ...
- Babbage worked on plans for this new engine and reported on the developments at a seminar in Turin, Italy in the autumn of 1841. An Italian, Menabrea, wrote a summary of what Babbage described and published an article in French about the development. ... When she showed Babbage her translation he suggested that she add her own notes, which turned out to be three times the length of the original article. Letters between Babbage and Ada flew back and forth filled with fact and fantasy. ...
- Ada suggested to Babbage writing a plan for how the engine might calculate Bernoulli numbers. ...
- After she wrote the description of Babbage's Analytical Engine her life was plagued with illnesses, and her social life, in addition to Charles Babbage, included Sir David Brewster (the originator of the kaleidoscope), Charles Wheatstone, Charles Dickens and Michael Faraday. ... She has been used as a character in Gibson and Sterling's the Difference Engine, shown writing letters to Babbage in the series " The Machine that Changed the World" and I have gathered her letters and writings in "Ada, The Enchantress of Numbers: A Selection from the Letters of Lord Byron's Daughter and Her Description of the First Computer Though her life was short (like her father, she died at 36), Ada anticipated by more than a century most of what we think is brand-new computing.
12. Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine
- www.maxmon.com
- Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine.
- As was previously noted, the first device that might be considered to be a computer in the modern sense of the word was conceived by the eccentric British mathematician and inventor Charles Babbage. ...
- In 1822, Babbage proposed building a machine called the Difference Engine to automatically calculate mathematical tables. The Difference Engine was only partially completed when Babbage conceived the idea of another, more sophisticated machine called an Analytical Engine. ...
- (Some texts refer to this machine as an "Analytical Steam Engine," because Babbage intended that it would be powered by steam). ...
- Charles Babbage.
- Working with Babbage was Augusta Ada Lovelace, the daughter of the English poet Lord Byron. Ada, who was a splendid mathematician and one of the few people who fully understood Babbage's vision, created a program for the Analytical Engine.
- Babbage worked on his Analytical Engine from around 1830 until he died, but sadly it was never completed. It is often said that Babbage was a hundred years ahead of his time and that the technology of the day was inadequate for the task. Refuting this is the fact that, in 1834, two Swedish engineers called Georg and Edward Scheutz built a small Difference Engine based on Babbage's description. ...
- "One of Babbage's most serious flaws was his inability to stop tinkering.
- this flaw kept Babbage from ever finishing anything. ...
- Further supporting this theory is the fact that, in 1876, only five years after Babbage's death, an obscure inventor called George Barnard Grant exhibited a full-sized difference engine of his own devising at the Philadelphia Centennial Fair. ...
- The point is that, although Babbage's Analytical Engine was intellectually far more sophisticated than his Difference Engine, constructing an Analytical Engine would not have been beyond the technology of the day. ...
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