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13. Paradoxical Role of T-type Calcium Channels in Coronary Smooth Muscle -- Perez-Reyes 4 (1): 16 -- Molecular Interventions
- molinterv.aspetjournals.org
- Paradoxical Role of T-type Calcium Channels in Coronary Smooth Muscle .
- Of the ten mammalian voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), those belonging to the L-type family have been best studied for the development of useful therapeutics for hypertension. ...
14. Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression by Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Pathways -- Kahl and Means 24 (6): 719 -- Endocrine Reviews
- edrv.endojournals.org
- Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression by Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Pathways .
- Perhaps the most universal signaling cascades required for proliferative responses are those initiated by transient rises in intracellular calcium (Ca2+). ...
- Regulation of Cyclin D1/Cdk4 Complexes by Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase I.
15. Calcium, ATP, and ROS: a mitochondrial love-hate triangle -- Brookes et al. 287 (4): C817 -- AJP - Cell Physiology
- ajpcell.physiology.org
- INVITED REVIEW Calcium, ATP, and ROS: a mitochondrial love-hate triangle .
- Calcium is a key regulator of mitochondrial function and acts at several levels within the organelle to stimulate ATP synthesis. ...
- Calcium, Magnesium, and Oxidative Stress in Hyperaldosteronism.
16. TRP channels and calcium entry in human platelets -- Sage et al. 100 (12): 4245 -- Blood
- www.bloodjournal.org
- TRP channels and calcium entry in human platelets .
- An elevation in cytosolic calcium concentration ( Ca2+ i) plays a central role in the physiologic activation of platelets. Although a number of calcium entry pathways are believed to exist in human platelets,1 information on the identity of the channels concerned is limited. ...
- Platelet Signalling: Calcium. ... Expression and role of TRPC proteins in human platelets: evidence that TRPC6 forms the store-independent calcium entry channel. ... Protein kinase C activates non-capacitative calcium entry in human platelets. ... Trans-resveratrol inhibits calcium influx in thrombin-stimulated human platelets. ... Characterization of the bradykinin-stimulated calcium influx pathway of cultured vascular endothelial cells. ... Activation of store-mediated calcium entry by secretion-like coupling between the IP3 receptor type II and hTrp1 channels in human platelets. ...
- Mechanisms of capacitative calcium entry. ... Expression and role of TRPC proteins in human platelets: evidence that TRPC6 forms the store-independent calcium entry channel. ... Activation of store-mediated calcium entry by secretion-like coupling between the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type II and human transient receptor potential (hTrp1) channels in human platelets. ... Protein kinase C activates non-capacitative calcium entry in human platelets. ... The effect of calcium-store depletion and refilling with various bivalent cations on tyrosine phosphorylation and Mn2+ entry in fura-2-loaded human platelets. ...
- Expression and role of TRPC proteins in human platelets: evidence that TRPC6 forms the store-independent calcium entry channel Sheila R. ...
17. Privileged Access to Mitochondria of Calcium Influx through N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors -- Peng and Greenamyre 53 (6): 974 -- Molecular Pharmacology
- www.molpharm.org
- Privileged Access to Mitochondria of Calcium Influx through N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors .
- To reliably, independently, and simultaneously detect cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration changes in the same cell, we loaded primary striatal neurons with two Ca2+ indicators, calcium green 1N and rhod-2, and visualized the fluorescence signals from single neurons with laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy. In kinetic data analysis, only calcium green signals from predefined cytosolic areas and rhod-2 signals from predefined mitochondrial regions were used, and attention was focused on the initial rapid rising phase of the responses. ...
- Do mitochondria take up Ca2+ at the same rate, regardless of which cytosolic Ca2+ influx pathway is activated? To explore this question, we loaded cultured striatal neurons with two fluorescent Ca2+ indicators, calcium green and rhod-2, to independently and simultaneously monitor cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ changes in the same cell. ...
- Coverslips were rinsed again, then reincubated in buffer solution containing 5 µM calcium green 1N/AM (Molecular Probes) at 37° for 40-50 min. ...
- Neurons were sequentially excited by the 488-nm line of an argon laser (for calcium green) and the 568-nm line of a krypton laser (for rhod-2) through a dual band dichroic mirror. The emitted fluorescence signals from single neurons were filtered sequentially through a 530/30-nm band pass filter (for calcium green) and a 605-nm long pass filter (for rhod-2) mounted on a rotating wheel and were detected by an intensified charge-coupled device camera. ... That is, the calcium green signal was not detected in the rhod-2 channel, and the rhod-2 signal was not detected in the calcium green channel. ...
- , 1998), the rhod-2 signal is highly localized in mitochondria, and as described below, the calcium green signal is seen diffusely throughout the cytoplasm. Therefore, to improve the specificity and signal-to-noise ratio of our measurements, calcium green signals from predefined cytosolic areas and rhod-2 signals from predefined mitochondrial areas in single neurons were used for measurement of signal intensity. ... In some experiments, to better compare the time courses of the calcium green and rhod-2 fluorescence intensity changes, fluorescence was normalized and expressed as a percentage of the maximal increase F(%max) = ((F Fbase)/(Fpeak Fbase)) × 100% . ...
- NMDA, kainate, and ionomycin (a calcium ionophore), were added in HEPES-buffered salt solution. ...
- Concurrent imaging of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ with calcium green and rhod-2. ... In this study, to reliably, independently, and simultaneously detect cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration changes in the same cell, we used two fluorescent Ca2+ indicators, calcium green and rhod-2. ...
- Confocal fluorescence images of a striatal neuron loaded with two Ca2+ indicators, rhod-2 and calcium green. ... B, Calcium green image of the same neuron. Calcium green fluorescence signals show a more uniform distribution. C, Superimposed rhod-2 and calcium green images. ... In a typical experiment, circular regions of interest, 1-2 µm in diameter, were drawn in a mitochondrial region as defined by high signal in the rhod-2 image (A) and a cytosolic region defined by uniform calcium green signal and lack of rhod-2 signal (e. ...
18. Extracellular calcium sensing receptor in human pancreatic cells -- Rácz et al. 51 (5): 705 -- Gut
- gut.bmjjournals.com
- Extracellular calcium sensing receptor in human pancreatic cells .
- Background and aims: The extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaR) plays a key role in the calcium homeostatic system and is therefore widely expressed in tissues involved in calcium metabolism. ...
- CaR function was assayed in Capan-1 cells by measuring intracellular calcium and 3H thymidine incorporation. ...
- Experiments on the CaR expressing adenocarcinoma cell line Capan-1 showed that the CaR was functional and was linked to mobilisation of intracellular calcium. ...
- This could help to prevent precipitation of calcium salts in the duct lumen. ...
- Keywords: calcium; pancreas; extracellular calcium sensing receptor; pancreatic duct; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; human pancreatic cell line.
- Abbreviations: CaR, calcium sensing receptor; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; Ca2+ i, intracellular free calcium ion concentration; DAB, diaminobenzidine; ORF, open reading frame; HBSS, Hepes buffered salt solution.
- The extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaR), first cloned from bovine parathyroid gland,1 is a key component in the calcium homeostatic system and is therefore expressed in tissues involved in calcium metabolism. ... 3 It is possible that in some of these tissues the CaR may serve primarily as a sensor of substances other than calcium, as the CaR can also be stimulated by polyvalent metal cations, organic polycations such as spermine, polylysine, protamine, and neomycin,46 and L-amino acids. ...
- If a similar mechanism exists in humans, the CaR may help to prevent precipitation of calcium salts in the duct lumen, which can lead to pancreatic stone formation and even to pancreatitis. ...
- Figure 1 Detection of calcium sensing receptor (CaR) mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in human pancreas, cultured pancreatic exocrine cells, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. ...
- Figure 2 Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)/Southern blot analysis of calcium sensing receptor (CaR) expression in normal and malignant human pancreatic tissue samples. ...
- Figure 3 Immunohistochemistry for calcium sensing receptor (CaR) in normal human pancreas, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and Capan-1 cells. ...
- Figure 4 Immunostaining of calcium sensing receptor (CaR) at the cell surface of Capan-1 cells observed at the electron microscopic level. ...
- Intracellular free calcium measurements.
- Figure 5 Effect of 1 mM Gd3+ (A) and 4 mM extracellular Ca2+ (B) on intracellular free calcium concentration ( Ca2+ i) in 10 Capan-1 cells in a single microscope field. ... Calcium sensing receptor agonists were applied by bath superfusion, and emitted fura-2 fluorescence was measured at 520 nm during alternate excitation at 340 and 380 nm. ...
19. Is Persistent Activity of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase Required for the Maintenance of LTP? -- Chen et al. 85 (4): 1368 -- Journal of Neurophysiology
- jn.physiology.org
- Is Persistent Activity of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase Required for the Maintenance of LTP? .
- Is Persistent Activity of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase Required for the Maintenance of LTP?. ... Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is concentrated in the postsynaptic density (PSD) and plays an important role in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP). ...
- There is now substantial evidence for a key role of postsynaptic calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in this induction process. ...
- Specifically, when inhibitor-1 is phosphorylated by PKA, it can effectively inhibit PP1; when it is dephosphorylated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B, calcineurin, PP1 becomes active. ...
- Purified CaMKII and extracts were diluted to similar kinase activities (~100 pmol · ml1 · min-1) and assayed for autocamtide-2 phosphorylation (10 µM) in the presence of calcium/calmodulin (0. ... Less than 1% kinase activity was detected in the absence of calcium/calmodulin. ...
- Calcium/calmodulin-independent activities of 20-30% (using the autocamtide-2 assay as described in the preceding text) were typically achieved during this incubation. ... 5 mM EGTA to radiolabel proteins by calcium/calmodulin-dependent or -independent phosphorylation, respectively, and incubation was continued for 45 s on ice before reactions were stopped by addition of 20 mM EDTA. ...
- Perfusion of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitory peptide does not affect the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) response. ...
- LTP is associated with a rapid and maintained increase in calcium/calmodulin-independent activity of CaMKII as a consequence of autophosphorylation of Thr286/287 (Barria et al. ... AC3-I inhibited AC2 phosphorylation in the presence of calcium/calmodulin with similar IC50s (20-80 µM) for different sources of kinase (Fig. ...
- A: recombinant CaMKII and endogenous CaMKII in whole-brain extracts or 2 different postsynaptic density (PSD) preparations (PSD 1 and 2) was assayed for calcium/calmodulin-dependent CaMKII activity toward autocamtide-2 peptide in the presence of the indicated concentrations of AC3-I. ... Whole-brain extracts were briefly incubated with nonradioactive ATP in the absence () or presence (+) of calcium/calmodulin to autophosphorylate endogenous CaMKII, followed by continued incubation with -32P ATP in the presence or absence of calcium/calmodulin to assay calcium/calmodulin-dependent and -independent substrate phosphorylation. ... Calcium/calmodulin-dependent (+) and -independent () 32P incorporation into soluble (S) and particulate (P) CaMKII and P180 (conditions of lanes 2, 3, 5, and 6 in B) was assayed in the presence of the indicated AC3-I concentrations and quantified by phosphorimager. ...
- Whole forebrain extracts were briefly incubated with calcium/calmodulin and nonradioactive ATP under conditions that lead to selective autophosphorylation of CaMKII (see METHODS). To label proteins by calcium/calmodulin-dependent and -independent phosphorylation, incubation was continued by adding -32P ATP in the absence or presence of the calcium chelator EGTA, respectively. ... The substrate profiles under both 32P-labeling conditions were similar, but differed from samples in which both autophosphorylation and 32P-labeling were carried out without calcium/calmodulin (Fig. 4B), suggesting that calcium/calmodulin-dependent and autonomous CaMKII phosphorylate similar substrates. ... Calcium-independent autophosphorylation of CaMKII in both fractions was potently inhibited by AC3-I (IC50 0. ... While the potency of inhibition of phosphorylation of different substrates by AC3-I varied, calcium-dependent and -independent activities toward a given substrate were inhibited similarly by AC3-I (Fig. ...
20. Intercellular Calcium Waves in HeLa Cells Expressing GFP-labeled Connexin 43, 32, or 26 -- Paemeleire et al. 11 (5): 1815 -- Molecular Biology of the Cell
- www.molbiolcell.org
- Intercellular Calcium Waves in HeLa Cells Expressing GFP-labeled Connexin 43, 32, or 26 .
- Gap junctional communication modulates agonist-induced calcium oscillations in transfected HeLa cells.
- Intracellular Calcium Waves Accompany Neutrophil Polarization, Formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine Stimulation, and Phagocytosis: A High Speed Microscopy Study.
- Polarized Calcium and Calmodulin Signaling in Secretory Epithelia.
- Control and Plasticity of Intercellular Calcium Waves in Astrocytes: A Modeling Approach.
21. Hyperglycemia Inhibits Capacitative Calcium Entry and Hypertrophy in Neonatal Cardiomyocytes -- Pang et al. 51 (12): 3461 -- Diabetes
- diabetes.diabetesjournals.org
- Hyperglycemia Inhibits Capacitative Calcium Entry and Hypertrophy in Neonatal Cardiomyocytes .
- IP3 is linked to elevated concentrations of cytoplasmic free calcium ( Ca2+ i), and activation of calmodulin (CaM)-regulated enzymes such as Ca2+/CaM-dependent kinase and the protein phosphatase calcineurin. ...
- In a recent study of cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), we (11) established that capacitative calcium entry (CCE) is important to the sustained elevation of Ca2+ i seen after exposure to Ang II or phenylephrine (PE). CCE was first described in nonexcitable cells and refers to the influx of Ca2+ through plasma membrane calcium channels activated in response to depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and/or sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ stores (12). It has since been shown to coexist with voltage-dependent calcium entry pathways in smooth (13) and skeletal (14) muscle as well as in NRVMs (11). ...
- Diabetes is also remarkably protective against cardiac damage induced by calcium overload as a result of the calcium paradox (20), in which the heart is exposed to a Ca2+-free extracellular environment and then, upon readdition of Ca2+, incurs significant damage (21). ...
- However, our recent data show that inhibitors of the exchanger are not effective in preventing the influx seen in CCE, whereas exogenous glucosamine has no effect on calcium influx via the exchanger. ...
- Previous studies linking hyperglycemia to a cardioprotective effect against calcium overload and hypoxia-induced cell death have also focused on a reduction in influx of calcium via the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (19). ... Importantly, as is the case with the calcium paradox (20), hyperglycemia in many animal models affords protection to the development of such arrhythmias (19). ...
- Hunton DL, Lucchesi PA, Pang Y, Cheng X, DellItalia LJ, Marchase RB: Capacitative calcium entry contributes to NFAT nuclear translocation. ...
- Putney JWJ: Capacitative Calcium Entry. ...
- Trepakova ES, Csutora P, Hunton DL, Marchase RB, Cohen RA, Bolotina VM: Calcium influx factor directly activates store-operated cation channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. ...
- Ziegelhoffer A, Styk J, Ravinegerova T, Sebokova J, Volkovova K, Waczulikova I, Carsky J, Turecky L: Mechanisms that may be involved in calcium tolerance of the diabetic heart. ...
- Zimmerman AN, Hulsmann WC: Paradoxical influence of calcium ions on the permeability of the cell membranes of the isolated rat heart. ...
- Vemuri S, Marchase RB: The inhibition of capacitative calcium entry due to ATP depletion but not due to glucosamine is reversed by staurosporine. ...
- Chien KR: Meeting Kochs postulates for calcium signaling in cardiac hypertrophy. ...
22. Molecular genetics of calcium sensing in bone cells -- Purroy and Spurr 11 (20): 2377 -- Human Molecular Genetics
- hmg.oupjournals.org
- Molecular genetics of calcium sensing in bone cells .
- CALCIUM AND BONE REMODELLING.
- CALCIUM-SENSING MECHANISMS IN.
- CALCIUM AND BONE MINERAL.
- One of the controversial issues discussed during the past few years is the role that calcium signalling plays in this process and, in particular, in the functioning of the osteoclast. Calcium is involved in the recruitment and activation of osteoclasts and their subsequent detachment from bone. Parathyroid hormone and vitamin D are part of a systemic mechanism regulating calcium availability, storage and disposal. But there are conflicting results suggesting the presence of a local calcium-sensing mechanism in osteoclasts, in osteoblasts or in both. ...
- CALCIUM AND BONE REMODELLING .
- CALCIUM AND BONE REMODELLING.
- CALCIUM-SENSING MECHANISMS IN.
- CALCIUM AND BONE MINERAL.
- Extracellular calcium is one of the main factors regulating this process, by means of a multi-organ cross-signalling cascade. This systemic regulatory network is a calcistat (4) which senses circulating calcium and adjusts bone resorption and deposition accordingly, to keep calcium concentration in the range of 1. ... In response to low circulating calcium, parathyroid c cells secrete PTH. This activates the renal resorption of calcium and promotes the hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 25(OH)VitD3 to its more active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 1,25(OH)2 VitD3 . This form of vitamin D3 increases intestinal resorption of calcium. Both PTH and 1,25(OH)2VitD3 stimulate bone resorption by promoting the differentiation of osteoclasts from multinucleated precursors, thereby increasing circulating calcium. When the calcium concentration rises above 1. 3 mM, this process is reversed: calcium resorption is slowed down and calcium excretion is activated. The calcium signalling cascade induces a release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum. ...
23. Mechanism of receptor-oriented intercellular calcium wave propagation in hepatocytes -- DUPONT et al. 14 (2): 279 -- The FASEB Journal
- www.fasebj.org
- Mechanism of receptor-oriented intercellular calcium wave propagation in hepatocytes .
- Intercellular calcium signals are propagated in multicellular hepatocyte systems as well as in the intact liver. The stimulation of connected hepatocytes by glycogenolytic agonists induces reproducible sequences of intracellular calcium concentration increases, resulting in unidirectional intercellular calcium waves. ... Also, coordination of calcium signals between neighboring cells requires the presence of the agonist at each cell surface as well as gap junction permeability. We present a model based on the junctional coupling of several hepatocytes differing in sensitivity to the agonist and thus in the intrinsic period of calcium oscillations. In this model, each hepatocyte displays repetitive calcium spikes with a slight phase shift with respect to neighboring cells, giving rise to a phase wave. The orientation of the apparent calcium wave is imposed by the direction of the gradient of hormonal sensitivity. Calcium spikes are coordinated by the diffusion across junctions of small amounts of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3). ... Mechanism of receptor-oriented intercellular calcium wave propagation in hepatocytes. ...
- In isolated multicellular systems, or in intact organs, Ca2+ waves are not restricted to the cytosol of one cell but propagate toward other cells as intercellular calcium waves (3 , 4). ... Numerous studies have reported that paracrine and/or junctional routes are involved in the propagation of intercellular calcium waves in a large spectrum of cell types including, for example, astrocytes (5 , 6) , chondrocytes (7) , hepatocytes (8) , pancreatic acinar cells (9 , 10) , or tracheal epithelial cells (11 , 12). ...
- Experimental results obtained in multiplets of connected hepatocytes and in the perfused liver suggest that the mechanism for intercellular calcium wave propagation in hepatocytes considerably differs from that in tracheal epithelial cells or endothelial cells. ...
- (1996) Calcium signaling mechanisms in liver in health and disease. ...
- (1997) Elementary and global aspects of calcium signalling. ...
- (1994) Mechanisms and function of intercellular calcium signaling. ...
- (1992) Intercellular calcium signaling via gap junctions in glioma cells. ...
24. Developmental Changes in Cell Calcium Homeostasis during Neurogenesis of the Embryonic Rat Cerebral Cortex -- Maric et al. 10 (6): 561 -- Cerebral Cortex
- cercor.oupjournals.org
- Developmental Changes in Cell Calcium Homeostasis during Neurogenesis of the Embryonic Rat Cerebral Cortex .
- Dualrecordings by flow cytometry using calcium and voltage-sensitive dyes revealed that, at the beginning of cortical development (E1112), precursor cells exhibited either low (<100 nM), moderate (~250 nM) or high (>1 µM) resting Ca2+c levels and well-polarized (70 mV) or less-polarized (40 mV) resting membrane potentials which reflected postmitotic or proliferative stages of the cell cycle. ...
- We have therefore chosen to compare the various mechanisms that regulate Ca2+o, Ca2+c and Ca2+i exhibited by cells at E12 and E18 in the experiments that follow, using them as a model to characterize the developmental changes in calcium homeostasis as putative stem/precursor cells commit to the neuronal lineage. ...
- Behar TN, Li YX, Tran HT, Ma W, Dunlap V, Scott C, Barker JL (1996) GABA stimulates chemotaxis and chemokinesis of embryonic cortical neurons via calcium-dependent mechanisms. ...
- Berridge MJ (1998) Neuronal calcium signaling. ...
- Ciapa B, Pesando D, Wilding M, Whitaker M (1994) Cell-cycle calcium transients driven by cyclic changes in inositol trisphosphate levels. ...
- Garaschuk O, Yaari Y, Konnerth A (1997) Release and sequestration of calcium by ryanodine-sensitive stores in rat hippocampal neurones. ...
- Gomez TM, Snow DM, Letourneau PC (1995) Characterization of spontaneous calcium transients in nerve growth cones and their effect on growth cone migration. ...
- Holliday J, Spitzer NC (1990) Spontaneous calcium influx and its roles in differentiation of spinal neurons in culture. ...
- Holliday J, Adams RJ, Sejnowski TJ, Spitzer NC (1991) Calcium-induced release of calcium regulates differentiation of cultured spinal neurons. ...
- Munaron L, Antoniotti S, Distasi C, Lovisolo D (1997) Arachidonic acid mediates calcium influx induced by basic fibroblast growth factor in Balb-c 3T3 fibroblasts. Cell Calcium 22:179188 review . ...
- Owens DF, Kriegstein AR (1998) Patterns of intracellular calcium fluctuation in precursor cells of the neocortical ventricular zone. ...
- Philipp S, Hambrecht J, Braslavski L, Schroth G, Freichel M, Murakami M, Cavalie A, Flockerzi V (1998) A novel capacitative calcium entry channel expressed in excitable cells. ...
- Santella L (1998) The role of calcium in the cell cycle: facts and hypotheses. ...
- Spitzer NC (1995) Spontaneous activity: functions of calcium transients in neuronal differentiation. ...
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