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25. Quasi-synaptic calcium signal transmission between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria -- Csordás et al. 18 (1): 96 -- The EMBO Journal
- embojournal.npgjournals.com
- 96-108, 1999 Quasi-synaptic calcium signal transmission between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria .
- Transmission of cytosolic Ca2+ ( Ca2+ c) oscillations into the mitochondrial matrix is thought to be supported by local calcium control between IP3 receptor Ca2+ channels (IP3R) and mitochondria, but study of the coupling mechanisms has been difficult. ... This architecture explains why calcium oscillations evoked by synchronized periodic activation of IP3R are particularly effective in establishing dynamic control over mitochondrial metabolism. ...
- Keywords: calcium signal/endoplasmic reticulum/inositol trisphosphate/mitochondria/quantal calcium release .
- Compelling evidence has been presented recently that local spatial and temporal patterns of calcium signals are important in encoding the specificity of cellular responses (Tse et al. ...
- Some calcium signals rely on stimulation of plasma membrane Ca2+ entry channels. ... secretion) may depend on the generation of such large localized calcium increases (Silver et al. ... Other forms of calcium signal rely on mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores to fuel the Ca2+ c increases. ... Calcium signals driven by IP3 receptors were described first as global increases of Ca2+ c, which were often manifested in the form of frequency-modulated Ca2+ oscillations propagating throughout the cell as calcium waves (reviewed in Cobbold and Cuthbertson, 1990; Berridge, 1993; Petersen et al. ...
- Calcium is a well-known activator of mitochondrial dehydrogenases (for review see McCormack et al. ...
- In order to investigate further the role of Ca2+ release induced by IP3 in the activation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, fura2FF-loaded permeabilized RBL cells were exposed to Calcium Green-C18. The lipophilic alkyl chain anchors the Ca2+ indicator Calcium Green to the lipid membranes, allowing measurements of Ca2+ immediately adjacent to cellular membranes (Tanimura and Turner, 1996). Calcium Green-C18 labeled cellular membranes throughout the cell, whereas the compartmentalized fura2FF showed a distribution that correlated with the mitochondria in the same cells (Figure 1B, i and ii). ...
- Quantal calcium responses in the mitochondria .
- Functional similarities between calcium signal transmission from ER to mitochondria and synaptic transmission .
- Since calcium signaling involves temporal and spatial coordination of the elementary Ca2+ release events, calcium spikes and oscillations evoked by synchronized and periodic activation of IP3Rs become particularly effective in establishing dynamic control over mitochondrial Ca2+ , and in turn, cellular energy metabolism. ...
26. Calcium Signaling through Protein Kinases. The Arabidopsis Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Gene Family -- Cheng et al. 129 (2): 469 -- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
- www.plantphysiol.org
- 469-485 UPDATE ON CALCIUM SIGNALING.
- Calcium Signaling through Protein Kinases. The Arabidopsis Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Gene Family1 .
- In plants, numerous Ca2+-stimulated protein kinase activities occur through calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs). These novel calcium sensors are likely to be crucial mediators of responses to diverse endogenous and environmental cues. ... By combining emerging cellular and genomic technologies with genetic and biochemical approaches, the characterization of Arabidopsis CDPKs provides a valuable opportunity to understand the plant calcium-signaling network. ...
- Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger in eukaryotic signal transduction cascades. ... It appears that different stimuli elicit specific calcium signatures, generated by altering the kinetics, magnitude, and cellular source of the influx (Malhó et al. ... Unlike most other ions, calcium does not freely diffuse within cells (Trewavas, 1999). Plants have multiple calcium stores, including the apoplast, vacuole, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), chloroplasts, and mitochondria. ... Different calcium sensors recognize specific calcium signatures and transduce them into downstream effects, including altered protein phosphorylation and gene expression patterns (Sanders et al. ...
- In plants, there are several known classes of Ca2+-binding sensory proteins, including calmodulins, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), and calcineurin B-like proteins. ... As a result, CDPKs directly bind calcium, and their calcium-stimulated kinase activities are independent of calmodulins, unlike calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs; Roberts and Harmon, 1992). Currently, most of the known calcium-stimulated protein kinase activities in plants are associated with CDPKs. ... Furthermore, the functional specificity of individual CDPKs may be determined by regulations at both transcriptional and posttranslational levels, as well as targeted subcellular compartmentalization, calcium and lipid sensitivity, and substrate recognition. ...
- The first calcium-dependent, calmodulin-independent protein kinase activities were reported in pea (Pisum sativum) extracts 20 years ago (Hetherington and Trewavas, 1982). ...
27. Calcium, Dairy Products and Osteoporosis -- Heaney 19 (Supplement 2): 83 -- Journal of the American College of Nutrition
- www.jacn.org
- Calcium, Dairy Products and Osteoporosis .
- STUDIES RELATING CALCIUM INTAKE.
- CALCIUM TREATMENT IN.
- 139 papers published since 1975 and describing studies of the relationship of calcium intake and bone health are briefly analyzed. Of 52 investigator-controlled calcium intervention studies, all but two showed better bone balance at high intakes, or greater bone gain during growth, or reduced bone loss in the elderly, or reduced fracture risk. This evidence firmly establishes that high calcium intakes promote bone health. ... The principal reason for failure to find an association in observational studies is the weakness of the methods available for estimating long-term calcium intake. While most of the investigator-controlled studies used calcium supplements, six used dairy sources of calcium; all were positive. Most of the observational studies were based on dairy calcium also, since at the time the studies were done, higher calcium intakes meant higher dairy intakes. All studies evaluating the issue reported substantial augmentation of the osteoprotective effect of estrogen by high calcium intakes. ...
- Key words: calcium, calcium requirement, dairy foods, milk, osteoporosis, fracture, protein, sodium, bone remodeling transient.
- A very large body of evidence establishes that high calcium intakes augment bone gain during growth, retard age-related bone loss, and reduce osteoporotic fracture risk. ...
- Dairy sources of calcium are at least as efficacious in this respect as are calcium supplements. ...
- The protein and sodium contents of dairy foods do not adversely affect the bone benefit of the dairy package of calcium, phosphorus, protein, and vitamin D. ...
- Osteoporosis is a complex, multifactorial disorder, and ensuring a high calcium intake is only one of several necessary preventive strategies. ...
- High calcium intakes are especially important as adjunctive therapy in patients with osteoporosis receiving currently approved bone-active drugs. With estrogen, for example, high calcium intakes greatly augment the protective estrogen effect. ...
28. Adult rat cardiomyocytes exhibit capacitative calcium entry -- Hunton et al. 286 (3): 1124 -- AJP - Heart and Circulatory Physiology
- ajpheart.physiology.org
- Adult rat cardiomyocytes exhibit capacitative calcium entry .
29. Extracellular Calcium Sensing and Extracellular Calcium Signaling -- Brown and MacLeod 81 (1): 239 -- Physiological Reviews
- physrev.physiology.org
- Extracellular Calcium Sensing and Extracellular Calcium Signaling .
- MOLECULAR CLONING OF PARATHYROID, RENAL, AND OTHER EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTORS.
- MOLECULAR SIMILARITY OF THE EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR TO OTHER G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS.
- ARE THERE ADDITIONAL EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTORS OR SENSORS?.
- THE EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR GENE AND REGULATION OF EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR EXPRESSION.
- STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS OF THE EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR.
- G PROTEINS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS TO WHICH THE EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR COUPLES.
- CELLULAR PROCESSES REGULATED BY THE EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR.
- OTHER POTENTIAL EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR AGONISTS AND MODULATORS AND THE ROLE OF THE EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR AS AN INTEGRATOR OF DIVERSE PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNALS.
- THE EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR'S CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION AND FUNCTIONS IN TISSUES INVOLVED IN MINERAL ION HOMEOSTASIS.
- THE EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR AND THE INTEGRATED CONTROL OF SYSTEMIC EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS.
- EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR-BASED THERAPEUTICS.
- TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR IN TISSUES UNINVOLVED IN SYSTEMIC IONIC HOMEOSTASIS.
- PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR LOCAL EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM SIGNALING.
- Extracellular Calcium Sensing and Extracellular Calcium Signaling. ... In others, localized changes in Cao2+ within the ECF can originate from several mechanisms, including fluxes of calcium ions into or out of cellular or extracellular stores or across epithelium that absorb or secrete Ca2+. ...
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