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• Internet Censorship in Australia.
• EFA Anti-Censorship Campaigns .
• The Internet censorship regime in Australia comprises law and regulation at both Commonwealth and State/Territory Government level, apparently because the Australian Constitution does not appear to grant either level of government sufficient power to independently and fully regulate online content. ...
• EFA continues to oppose the Commonwealth/State & Territory censorship regime. ...
• In March 2002, EFA undertook extensive research into the status of laws and government policy outside Australia and was unable to find any indication that any country broadly comparable to Australia (in terms of democratic political systems and cultures) has, or intends to introduce, Internet censorship laws as restrictive as either the existing Commonwealth legislation or the existing or proposed State/Territory laws. See EFA's report Internet Censorship - law & policy around the world. ...
• The scheme operates under a level of secrecy that has no parallel in the administration of Australian censorship policy of other media and, as at December 2002, the Commonwealth Government is attempting to increase the existing level of secrecy by changes to the Freedom of Information Act, irrespective of observations made by the Administrative Appeals Tribunal in June 2002 when handing down its decision in an FOI case involving EFA and the ABA. ...
• Although the Minister, Senator Richard Alston, claimed in a media release on 21 August 2002 that the Internet has been made safer as a result of the Commonwealth Government's Internet censorship regime, there is no evidence to support the claim. ...
• EFA's reports, analyses and submissions about the censorship regime. ...
• The Australian Net Censorship Laws section of the libertus. ...
• EFA's review and analysis of the operation of the Internet censorship scheme, 8 November 2002. ... Although the Minister, Senator Richard Alston, claimed in a media release on 21 August 2002 that the Internet has been made safer as a result of the government's Internet censorship regime, there is no evidence to support the claim. ...
• EFA's report Regulatory Failure: Australia's Internet Censorship Regime, 5 May 2001. This paper is a critical commentary on the Commonwealth Government's report on the second six months (July to December 2000) of operation the Internet censorship regime. ...
• The Internet censorship scheme operates under a level of secrecy that has no parallel in the administration of Australian censorship policy of other media. ...
• Commonwealth Bill to enable the censorship regime to operate under increased secrecy, introduced 27 June 2002. ... The amendments are designed to further prevent public scrutiny (and potential criticism) of the operation of the Internet censorship regime and of claims made by the Minister, the ABA and the OFLC. The proposed amendments are without doubt the Government's reaction to EFA's efforts, which had been partially successful, to obtain information under FOI law about operation of the censorship regime. ...

• The Internet Censorship FAQ.
• The Internet Censorship FAQ was created by Jonathan Wallace and Mark Mangan, co-authors of Sex, Laws and Cyberspace, a new book on Internet censorship from Henry Holt. ...
• #1: What threats of censorship exist for the Internet?.
• What threats of censorship exist for the Internet?.
• The principal threat of Internet censorship today is the Communications Decency Act, a law passed by Congress and signed by the President in January, 1996 which would apply quite radical regulations to speech on the Internet. ...
• The extremist rationale of the CDA is that censorship which would be impermissible for the printed word is appropriate for the electronic word, and that works which are protected on paper are subject to censorship on a computer screen.
• A mature, measured approach to the problem of explicit online speech would involve parental supervision and local screening, not wide-ranging censorship. ...
• However, the right of government intervention to ban indecent language recognized for these other communications media, though cited as a precedent for the CDA, is actually far less than the profound censorship the CDA envisions.
• By contrast, government involvement in radio and television is based on the "scarcity" doctrine, which holds that government censorship of content is justified by the government's role in assigning broadcast frequencies on a scarce spectrum. ...
• Ithiel de Sola Pool, who in 1983 published a really prescient book called Technologies of Freedom, predicted that the doctrine of "pervasiveness" would someday be used to justify quite "radical" censorship. ...
• However, courts, which have frequently mentioned the pervasiveness argument in media cases, have never used it as a basis for upholding a scheme of censorship unless "scarcity" (see above) was also present. ...
• If pervasiveness, standing alone, justifies censorship, then it is hard to see why the Supreme Court overturned the state law in Butler v. ...
• The Internet Censorship FAQ was created and distributed by Jonathan Wallace, jblumen@spectacle. ...

• PORNOGRAPHY, OBSCENITY, AND THE CASE FOR CENSORSHIP.
• New York University Professor Irving Kristol argues that a liberal today 'ought to favor a liberal form of censorship. " Basing his arguments on the moral relevance of art, Kristol says bluntly: "If you care for the quality of life in our American democracy, then you have to be for censorship. ...
• For almost a century now, a great many intelligent, well-meaning and articulate people have argued eloquently against any kind of censorship of art and entertainment. Within the past ten years, courts and legislatures have found these arguments so persuasive that censorship is now a relative rarity in most states.
• That those who certainly know this are moved to deny it merely indicates how a dogmatic resistance to the idea of censorship can result in a mindless insistence on the absurd.
• But can a liberal-Ñtoday-Ñbe for censorship? Yes, but he ought to favor liberal form of censorship.
• I therefore see no reason why we should not be able to distinguish repressive censorship from liberal censorship of the written and spoken word. ...
• It is a distressing fact that any system of censorship is bound, upon occasion, to treat unjustly a particular work of artÑto find pornography where there is only gentle eroticism, to find obscenity where none really exists, or to find both where the work's existence ought to be tolerated because it serves a larger moral purpose. That is the price one has to be prepared to pay for censorshipÑeven liberal censorship.
• But if you look at the history of American or English literature, there is precious little damage you can point to as a consequence of the censorship that prevailed throughout most of that history. ... Nor did I notice that hitherto suppressed masterpieces flooded the market when censorship was eased. ...
• I'll put it bluntly: if you care for the quality of life in our American democracy, then you have to be for censorship.

• Censorship of Comics Bibliography.
• Love & Death: A Study in Censorship, Breaking Point, New York, 1949. ...
• "Censorship of Obscene Literature By Informal Governmental Action," 22 University of Chicago Law Review 216, (1954).
• Censorship: Onetime comic retailer John Fulce, now a born-again Christian, fights to "clean up" the comic industry.
• "How Censorship Efforts by the Religious Right Disrupt Education" in The New York Times, New York, 12/11/1992.
• Censorship: Editorial by Leanne Katz executive director of the National Coalition Against Censorship.
• Case Histories (Mike Diana): Details on the Mike Diana trial and an overview of comic book obscenity cases and censorship over the past fifty years.
• "Censorship Incidents on the Rise" in The Comics Journal, # 175, pp. ...
• Case Histories (CBLDF): Excellent article, addresses a rise in censorship with possible causes. ...
• Censorship: An editorial, it addresses the question of absolute freedom of speech. ...
• Censorship: An editorial written in response to a report by a news station about the San Diego Comic-Con titled "Close Encounters of the Porn Kind: Have comics crossed the line?".
• Censorship: A brief editorial comparing the atmosphere surrounding the Planet comics case to the atmosphere that led to the creation of the Comics Code.
• Censorship: An editorial which takes a pragmatic look at censorship. ...
• Censorship: Various editorials challenge Bob Gray’s editorial on pragmatism in censorship printed in the March 1996 issue of Comics Retailer (see above).
• Censorship: A very thorough and in depth interview with Nadine Strossen ACLU national president. They address censorship throughout our history, specific comic cases, the Supreme Court, obscenity law, and the first amendment.

• comics research bibliography: Censorship .
• Censorship over the comic strips?.
• Comics and censorship: the plumber's revenge.
• Cartoon causes strife censorship .
• Tooned out censorship of comics .
• Permitted & Prohibited Desires: Mothers, Comics and Censorship in Japan. ...
• Permitted and Prohibited Desires: Mothers, Comics and Censorship in Japan.
• Cartoon crossifer censorship .
• Index on Censorship 25(2):69.
• Fredric Wertham - The sad case of the unhappy humanist censorship . ...
• Getting a conviction: Or, how the British horror comics campaign only jus t succeeded censorship . ...
• Serving our children tasteless fare call for censorship of South Park animated tv show . ...
• Success, censorship, shameful secrets and celebrity: 50 years a superhero Green Lantern creator M. ...
• Framing Diana censorship of Mike Diana . ...
• Censorship and self-censorship: A compromise for survival.
• "Big Trouble: Daumier, Gargantua, and the Censorship of Political Caricature" .

• Freedom of Speech, Internet Censorship, .
• jointly sponsored a forum on Internet censorship on 9 October 2000 in Melbourne: "Filtering the Internet: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly". ...
• The "ugly" side of Internet censorship is that filters are used in publicly funded institutions. ...
• Further reading on freedom of speech and Internet censorship: .
• In January 2001 it will be one year since the Broadcasting Services Amendment (Online Services) Act 1999 - the Internet censorship legislation in Australia - came into effect. ...
• In the next issue of PC Update I will look at what impact the legislation has had in its first 12 months, and what Melbourne PC User Group members think about Internet censorship. ...

• Censorship.
• We oppose any abridgment of the freedom of speech through government censorship, regulation or control of communications media, including, but not limited to, laws concerning: .
• A Principled Stand Against Censorship.
• The Libertarian Party is the only political party in the United States with an explicit stand against censorship of computer communications in its platform. ...
• As a political party, the LP is the only anti-censorship organization that gives you a chance to vote for freedom of speech on Election Day -- by voting for Libertarian candidates for public office. ...
• Talking points: On-line censorship, etc. ...
• Other Organizations Opposing Internet Censorship.
• The following organizations may not agree with the Libertarian Party on all issues, but share our opposition to censorship. ...
• Against Censorship.

• PICS, Censorship, & Intellectual Freedom FAQ.
• This Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) white paper answers common questions about PICS in the context of intellectual freedom and censorship. ...
• Does PICS enable censorship?.
• People also employ different definitions of censorship. ... " Under this expansive definition, even a parent setting filtering rules for a child would count as censorship. PICS documents have adopted the more restrictive definition of censorship as actions that limit what an individual can distribute, and use the term "access controls" for restrictions on what individuals can receive. ...
• Given the variety of implicit questions, it doesn't make sense to provide a blanket answer to the question of whether PICS enables censorship. ...
• "Another concern is that even without central censorship, any widely adopted vocabulary will encourage people to make lazy decisions that do not reflect their values. ...
• Good Clean PICS: The most effective censorship technology the Net has ever seen may already be installed on your desktop (Simson Garfinkel in HotWired: February 1997) .
• The Net Censorship Dilemma (anti-censorship site by the same editor as the site above) .
• Fight-censorship mailing lists (Declan McCullagh's moderated and unmoderated lists; occasional discussion of PICS and related technologies). ...

• Since 2001 The File Room (TFR) has been hosted and maintained by the National Coalition Against Censorship. ...

• Censorship.
• In ancient Rome,dhjkdjk censorship was the office or function of a censor. ...
• In a modern sense censorship consists of any attemdhjkdkdpt to suppress information, points of view, or method of expression such as art, or profanity. Censorship is commonly used by social groups, organized religions, corporatiodjkdjkdjkns and governments. ...
• 2 Censorship around the world 3. 3 Other types of censorship 3. 4 Censorship of media.
• Censorship can be explicit, as in laws passed to prevent information being published or propagated (as in Australia, China, or Saudi Arabia where certain Internet pages are not permitted entry), or it can be implicit, taking the form of intimidation by government or even by popular censure, where people are afraid to express or support certain opinions for fear of losing their lives, or their jobs, position in society, or in academia, their academic credibility. ...
• Wartime censorship is carried out with the intention of preventing the release of information that might be advantageous to the enemy. ... Mention of weapons and equipment (especially if newly introduced) is another favourite area for censorship. ...
• Censorship is regarded as a typical feature of dictatorships and other authoritarian political systems. Democratic nations usually have far less institutionalized censorship, and instead tout the importance of freedom of speech.
• Some thinkers understand censorship to include other attempts to suppress points of view or ideas such as negative propaganda, media manipulation, spin, disinformation or "free speech zones". ...
• Data havens and decentralized peer-to-peer file sharing systems such as Freenet can be used to prevent censorship. A recent phenomenon for avoiding censorship and speaking directly to members of society is culture jamming, where individuals or non-conforming groups use large-scale corporate techniques to attack implicit domination and censorship through trivial or deliberately irrelevant messages. ...
• Censorship around the world.

• You are here: Index on Censorship .
• Index on Censorship says no to torture. ...
• » Index on Censorship.
• Co-authored by Index on Censorship: A New Voice in the Middle East: A Provisional Needs Assessment for the Iraqi Media. ...
• In the next issue of Index on Censorship: A special feature on the legitimisation of torture and the renewed threat it poses to freedom of expression. ...
• Amnesty International has issued an urgent appeal on behalf of three Bangladeshi journalists - among them the winner of Index on Censorshipâ ™s 2005 Hugo Young prize for journalism, Sumi Khan â “ all of whom have received written death threats from Islamist gangs active in their area. ...
• Index on Censorship Free Expression Awards 2005 .
• Index on Censorship's Freedom of Expression Awards honoured the work of leading defenders of free expression worldwide. ...
• Censorshipâ ™s no laughing matter .
• A series of high profile disputes between religious and creative communities in Britain touches on a central question - should people in a diverse, multicultural society be protected from offence and insult in the name of religion, curtailing free speech where necessary? Ursula Owen says the answer from Index on Censorship has to be a resounding no. ...
• Inky fingered: Award-winning cartoonist Martin Rowson picks up his pen for Index on Censorship. ...
• Index Index a chronicle of censorship .
• Georgia Adjara TV chief quits amid censorship charges .
• China Small crack in Chinaâ ™s Great Wall of censorship .
• Index Index is a chronicle of censorship and free expression abuses in some 70 countries worldwide. The full record can be found in the pages of Index on Censorship magazine.

• Issues | Materials & Resources | Position Statements | News & Commentary | Express Your Views Internet free speech advocates won a major victory when the Supreme Court struck down the Communications Decency Act, finding that "the interest in encouraging freedom of expression in a democratic society outweighs any theoretical but unproven benefit of censorship. ...
• Censorship .
• government requires blocking in public schools and libraries, the government mandates censorship in direct conflict with the U. ...
• SafeSurf's "Proposal for a Safe Internet Without Censorship" (a scheme for imposing criminal penalties for "mislabeling" websites) .
• PICS, Censorship, & Intellectual Freedom FAQ (by Paul Resnick of W3C) .
• "What censorware really blocks (history, LONG)" (from the Fight-Censorship list) .
• ACLU statement on "voluntary" Internet censorship (7/16/97) .
• "Censorship Problems Increase When Moved to Private Sector" -- New York Times (12/15/97) .
• "Nation Trending Toward Do-it-Yourself Censorship" (by Tony Mauro, The Freedom Forum First Amendment Center) .
• "Ratings Today, Censorship Tomorrow" -- critical, in-depth examination of Internet rating (from Salon Magazine) .

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