Pol Pot : Anatomy of a Nightmare (John MacRae Books (Hardcover)) John Kenneth Galbraith : His Life, His Politics, His Economics Distant Neighbors : A Portrait of the Mexicans All the Pope's Men : The Inside Story of How the Vatican Really Thinks How Soccer Explains the World : An Unlikely Theory of Globalization Development as Freedom The AP Comparative Government and Politics Examination: What You Need to Know Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader : North Korea and the Kim Dynasty

• Democratic centralism.
• Democratic centralism is a Communist organizational doctrine that defines the methods of decision making and governance. ...
• As Lenin described it, democratic centralism consisted of "freedom of discussion and criticism, unity of action". ... This latter aspect represented the centralism. The doctrine of democratic centralism served as a source of the split between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks, who supported a looser party discipline, within the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1903.
• This precipitated the end of the "democratic" element of democratic centralism within the party membership, and with the rise of Stalin to a position of absolute power within the party (and the Soviet Union), there was no freedom of discussion within the party, except by members of the ruling party Politburo.

• Centralism: A Sphere of Political Influence.
• Centralism: A Sphere of Political Influence.
• Centralism is a partisan concept that promotes the idea of seeing Politics in relation to mathematics. ... Using geometry to graph the axes and points where our political views are today, it will give you a better idea of Centralism.
• We call it Centralism, because everything relies on the center of the graph for absolute neutrality, and everything coming off of that is what people believe politically. ...

•  Centralism.

• "Decentralized-Centralism" Governance in Education:.
• 1 The dynamic interaction in the decentralization process, Karlsen contends, is implicit in the title of the article, "decentralized centralism. ...
• In the following, I focus on four aspects of the dynamic interaction of the decentralization process that I have called "decentralized centralism. ...
• More specifically, the centralization(decentralization dimension has led to questions such as: What should be taught in school? To what degree should the curriculum be standardized? Should the curriculum be set at local or national/provincial level? The decision-making processes in relation to curricula in Norway and British Columbia are outlined in the following in order to illustrate the dynamics of content in decentralized centralism. ...
•     The Canadian example can be used to illustrate the dynamics among levels as part of decentralized centralism. ...
• And most importantly, the dynamics of simultaneity as an important element in decentralized centralism was an adequate strategy to handle the persistent dilemmas in the two countries' educational policies (Levin & Young, 1994; Karlsen 1993). ...
•     By providing evidence from Norway and British Columbia, Canada, my aim in this article was to describe and explain the dynamics in terms of decentralized centralism. ...
•     On the central level, decentralized centralism seems to be a politically adequate answer to present problems and government crises. ... Decentralized centralism allows for continuous adaptation within a highly complex and pluralistic society. ...
• Decentralised centralism? A comparison of the administrative structure of France and Norwegian education. ...
• 2  I first used the concept "decentralized centralism" in 1991 in my doctoral thesis, (in Norwegian) "Desentralisert skoleutvikling" (Decentralized School Development). ...

• Against Bureaucratic Centralism.
• In doing this, the majority merely demonstrate their abysmal ignorance of the real traditions of Bolshevism and democratic centralism. ...
• Subsequently, the Democratic Centralism and the Workers’ Opposition factions were formed. ...
• The tactic of character assassination, bureaucratic manoeuvres and the pressure of the apparatus was not the method of Leninist democratic centralism, but of Zinovievism and Stalinism.
• “Democratic Centralism”.
• Some comrades have posed the question as to whether the manifest reality of a political and organisational degeneration in our midst is not some kind of inherent consequence of democratic centralism.
• What we are confronted with here is not democratic centralism but bureaucratic centralism.
• Part of this campaign is to identify Stalinist authoritarianism with the “original sin” of Democratic Centralism. ...
• International experienced a complete bureaucratic-reformist degeneration, despite the fact that not one of them was organised on the lines of democratic centralism, and most had a very “democratic”, loose and “federal” structure. ...
• Yet, in their day, they vociferously protested against “democratic centralism”, and had the most “democratic” of constitutions, in which de-centralisation and federalism formed the main pillars.

• WALLER, MICHAEL, Democratic centralism: an historical commentary.

• Centralism.
• com > Dictionary > Centralism.
• Centralism.
• Democratic centralism.
• Lenin's theoretical model of democratic centralism.
• democratic centralism consisted.
• democratic centralism within the party membership.

• Centralism.
• Sponsored links: Discussion: Centralism .
• Select Relevant Sites: centralism .
• Lenin: Bureaucratic Centralism or Democratic Centralism? - Document produced by a dissident group expelled from Socialist Workers Party in Britain in 1994 criticizing the SWP's internal regime. ...
• #2: Bolshevism, Fraudulent Practice of Democratic Centralism - A Marxist critque of Bolshevism and the Bolsheviks use of Democratic Centralism, by Albert Weisbord.
• #3: The Myth of Lenin's "Concept of The Party" by Hal Draper - A critique of the theory of democratic centralism and the status that Lenin's "What is to be Done", is held in by many on the left, by Hal Draper.
• #4: What is to be Done? - In which Lenin outlines the concept of the vanguard revolutionary party run according to the principles of democratic centralism.
• php?in=en&term=Centralism">Centralization</a></strong> .

• Ideological intransigence, democratic centralism and cultism: a case study from the political left .
• However, an additional feature of Lenin’s conception of a vanguard party is that it was to be governed by the principles of what he termed democratic centralism. ...
• "The principle of democratic centralism and autonomy for local party organizations implies universal and full freedom to criticise, so long as this does not disturb the unity of a defined action; it rules out all criticism which disrupts or makes difficult unity of action decided upon by the party" (Lenin, 1977, p. ...
• The norms of democratic centralism confer all power between conferences onto a central committee, allowing it to become the arbiter of when a dissident viewpoint is in danger of creating such a disturbance, normally presumed to be lethal. ...
• Such findings suggest that if, in the name of democratic centralism, party members publicly uphold the party line it becomes increasingly difficult to hold a private belief at variance with attitudes publicly expressed. ...
• It has already been noted that the organizational norms of democratic centralism imply a concentration of power at the top. ...
• Firstly, the norms of democratic centralism (which, it will be recalled, require members to only put forward the party’s position in public) disrupts their capacity to critically appraise party ideology. ...
• Rigid adherence to ‘democratic centralism’, a term which appears to be an oxymoron, reflects an excessive veneration for ‘October’, which in turn precludes an updated historical analysis of the 1917 Revolution and its aftermath. ...
• In addition, aspects of party ideology which reinforced conformism, including its enthusiasm for democratic centralism, have been identified. ...

• fontSize) ? 'none dashed': 'none');"> Panchayati raj in West Bengal: Democratic decentralisation or democratic centralism.

• Democratic Centralism.
• Democratic Centralism is organisational method applied by the Bolsheviks in making the Russian Revolution: “democracy in discussion – centralism in action,” within a strategy of building a “vanguard party. ...
• The concept was first elaborated by Lenin in his fight for centralism and against the “circle” mentality of Russian revolutionaries prior to the formation of the R. ...
• For a general exposition of the principles of Democratic Centralism see Trotsky: On Democratic-Centralism & The Regime and The New Course.
• There are three inter-related aspects of democratic centralism: the definition of membership, proletarian (or participatory) democracy and unity in action.
• Lenin elaborated the principles of Democratic Centralism in relation to a working class Political Party operating under conditions of illegality, and consequently insisted on a very clear criterion of membership — agreement with the Party’s program and the obligation to work under the direction of one of its organisations. ...
• Consequently, democratic centralism implies that an organisation ought to be so structured as to provide the capacity of any part of organisation to participate in determining policies relevant to their own responsibilities.
• The balance between centralism and democracy: A small group of soldiers under enemy fire would be ill-advised to subject their tactics to thoroughgoing discussion — total centralism is the best policy, with one of their number assuming the responsibility to issue instructions. ...
• Thus, the balance between democracy and centralism must move according to circumstances.
• Too much democracy in action leads to disorganisation and confusion, and usually defeat; too much centralism in discussion leads to bureaucratism, bad decisions and a loss of commmitment amongst members.
• Thus, Lenin’s concept of “democratic centralism” arose as a kind of hybrid of the legal Western European social democratic party or trade union, and the secret society; he sought a mass base in the working class, but at the same time, he restricted membership to those who would actively build the party. ...
• Just as the idea of “democratic centralism” was made into an official state doctrine, the conditions for its operation, in a society of participatory democracy, became near to impossible. ... Under conditions of civil war, facing extermination, secret-police methods, absolutely inconsistent with the principles of democratic centralism, were introduced as a matter of survival, but with fatal political consequences. ...
• The Degeneration of Democratic Centralism.
• Once “democratic centralism” had been transformed into an official doctrine, not only in the Soviet Union and the Comintern, but also in the Fourth International, its meaning became associated with the organisational methods of on the one hand, Stalinism, and on the other hand, Trotskyism. ...
• In the case of Stalinism, the organisational method travelling under the name of “democratic centralism” would be better described as “bureaucratic centralism. ... After the death of Stalin, within the Communist Parties, “democratic centralism” came to be associated with intolerance of differences and the restriction of internal debate.

• Ordinary Stalinism: Democratic Centralism and the Question of Communist Political Development.

Do you have a great site about Centralism? Is your Centralism site listed here? Would you like a prefered placement of your site in this directory?

It's easy! First place, the HTML from the box below on your page that you would like listed in this directory.

Then use our link submission request with your name, your contact information, and the URL of your site that has a link to this directory. After we verify your link to us, we'll make sure your site stays in our directory, and we'll give it prefered placement here also.

Here is how to make a simple text link to us. Just copy the code in this box to your website:

We can also develop a custom Guide To The Internet for your site. Please request your own custom Guide To The Internet.