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1. Report to Congress - Cocaine and Federal Sentencing Policy - Feb 1995
- www.ussc.gov
- Cocaine and Federal Sentencing Policy.
- Chapter 2 - Cocaine, Its Forms, Methods of Use, and Pharmacology.
- Chapter 3 - Cocaine Use and Public Health Issues.
- Chapter 4 - The Distribution and Marketing of Cocaine.
- Chapter 5 - Cocaine and Crime.
- Chapter 6 - The National Legislative and Law Enforcement Response to Cocaine.
- Chapter 7 - Sentencing of Cocaine Offenders.
- Appendix A - Summary of Public Hearings on Cocaine Sentencing Policy.
- Appendix B - Summary of Public Comment on Crack/Powder Cocaine Sentencing Differential.
- Appendix C - Legal Challenges to Crack Cocaine Penalties.
2. Fact Sheet - Cocaine
- www.well.com
- Cocaine's recent notoriety belies the fact that the drug has been used as a stimulant by people for thousands of years. ...
- But cocaine's highly addictive nature and addicts' willingness to pay a high price for the drug have propelled it into the public eye. The crime and violence associated with its transportation and sale, and the celebrity nature of some of its victims has kept cocaine in the news.
- In its pure form, cocaine is a white crystalline powder extracted from the leaves of the South American coca plant. On the street, pure cocaine is diluted or "cut" with other substances to increase the quantity, and thereby increase the profits of its sellers.
- Cocaine users most often inhale the powder sharply through the nose, where it is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream. ... Freebasing is also a common method of using a form of cocaine called "crack". ...
- Freebasing is an especially dangerous means of abusing cocaine because of the high concentrations of cocaine it introduces into the bloodstream. ...
- Cocaine is highly addictive, especially in the crack form. In studies, animals addicted to cocaine preferred the drug to food, even when it meant they would starve. ...
- This down feeling leads the addict to use more cocaine, sometimes just to feel "normal. " Over a period of time the, amount of cocaine needed and the frequency of use to achieve a "high" have to be increased. ...
- Cocaine addicts frequently turn to other drugs to relieve the down feeling when more cocaine is not available. When used together, these drugs and cocaine can prove even more deadly than when used alone.
- Despite a popular myth, cocaine does not enhance performance whether it be on the job, in sports, at school, or with a sexual partner. ... The controlling effect cocaine has on an addict's life can lead to exclusion of all other facets of life. ...
3. Urban Legends Reference Pages: Cokelore (Cocaine-Cola)
- www.snopes.com
- Cocaine-Cola .
- Claim: Coca-Cola used to contain cocaine. ...
- Just how much cocaine was originally in the formulation is hard to determine, but the drink undeniably contained some cocaine in its early days. Frederick Allen describes the public attitude towards cocaine that existed as Coca-Cola's developers worked on perfecting their formula in 1891: .
- The first stirrings of a national debate had begun over the negative aspects of cocaine, and manufacturers were growing defensive over charges that use of their products might lead to "cocainism" or the "cocaine habit". The full-throated fury against cocaine was still a few years off, and Candler and Robinson were anxious to continue promoting the supposed benefits of the coca leaf, but there was no reason to risk putting more than a tiny bit of coca extract in their syrup. ... Allen also explains that cocaine continued to be an ingredient in the syrup in order to protect the trade name "Coca-Cola": .
- How much cocaine was in that "mere trace" is impossible to say, but we do know that by 1902 it was as little as 1/400 of a grain of cocaine per ounce of syrup. Coca-Cola didn't become completely cocaine-free until 1929, but there was scarcely any of the drug left in the drink by then: .
- By Heath's calculation, the amount of ecgonine an alkaloid in the coca leaf that could be synthesized to create cocaine was infinitesimal: no more than one part in 50 million. In an entire year's supply of 25-odd million gallons of Coca-Cola syrup, Heath figured, there might be six-hundredths of an ounce of cocaine. So, yes, at one time there was cocaine in Coca-Cola. But before you're tempted to run off claiming Coca-Cola turned generations of drinkers into dope addicts, consider the following: back in 1885 it was far from uncommon to use cocaine in patent medicines (which is what Coca-Cola was originally marketed as) and other medical potions. When it first became general knowledge that cocaine could be harmful, the backroom chemists who comprised Coca-Cola at the time (long before it became the huge company we now know) did everything they could with the technology they had available at the time to remove every trace of cocaine from the beverage. ...
- com/cokelore/cocaine. ...
4. Neuroscience for Kids - Cocaine
- faculty.washington.edu
- Cocaine.
- From the plant called Erythroxylon coca, cocaine is a local anesthetic and central nervous system stimulant. ...
- History of Cocaine.
- In 1860, Albert Neiman isolated cocaine from the coca leaf and described the anesthetic action of the drug when it was put on his tongue. ... 5 mg of cocaine in every ounce. The famous psychotherapist, Sigmund Freud, in 1884, recommended cocaine for a variety of illnesses and for alcohol and morphine addictions. Unfortunately, many of his patients went on to become addicted to cocaine! In 1886, John Pemberton developed Coca Cola, a drink that contained cocaine and caffeine. Cocaine was REMOVED from Coca Cola in 1906 (but it still has the caffeine). The Harrison Narcotic Act in 1914 made cocaine illegal. Finally, in 1985, crack cocaine was introduced and rapidly became a major drug problem. ...
- Effects of Cocaine on the Nervous System.
- A dose of between 25 to 150 mg of cocaine is taken when it is inhaled. Within a few seconds to a few minutes after it is taken, cocaine can cause: .
- After this "high" which lasts about one hour, users of cocaine may "crash" into a period of depression. This crash causes cocaine users to seek more cocaine to get out of this depression and results in addiction. Withdrawal from cocaine can cause the addict to feel depressed, anxious, and paranoid. ...
5. Drug Info
- www.dancesafe.org
- Cocaine .
- WHAT IS COCAINE?.
- Cocaine Hydrochloride ("coke," "blow") is a white powder derived from the leaves of the coca plant, which grows mainly in South America. ...
- Coca Cola used to contain cocaine (hence the name), and so did many other over-the-counter food and medicine products. ...
- Cocaine is usually sold is small baggies by the gram. ...
- Crack cocaine is made by chemically altering cocaine powder into crystals or "rocks" which are easily smokable. ...
- HOW IS COCAINE USED?.
- Most often cocaine is snorted in small lines. ...
- WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF COCAINE?.
- Cocaine is a stimulant drug like speed, but much shorter acting. ...
- Cocaine and crack are very short-acting. ...
- Many users become compulsive in their use of cocaine, which can lead to physical or psychological addiction. ...
- The intensity of these effects depend on how much and how often cocaine is used, and are more intense when cocaine is smoked as crack. ...
- Cocaine is illegal and getting caught with it in your possession can result in long prison sentences. Giving cocaine to someone else, even if no money was exchanged, can result in even longer sentences. ...
6. Cocaine Anonymous
- www.cocaine-capanjde.org
- WHAT IS COCAINE ANONYMOUS?.
- COCAINE ANONYMOUS is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other, that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from cocaine addiction. The only requirement for membership is a desire to stop using cocaine and all other mind-altering substances. ... Our primary purpose is to stay free of cocaine and all other mind-altering substances, and to help others achieve the same freedom.
- The obsession is a continued and irresistible thought of cocaine (or any other mind-altering substance) and the next high. ... Our program, the Twelve Steps of Cocaine Anonymous, is the means by which we move from the problem of addiction to the solution of recovery.
7. Cocaïnomanes anonymes - Québec - Cocaine Anonymous
- www.cocainomanes-anonymes.org
- "CA", "Cocaïnomanes anonymes" et le logo CA sont des marques de commerce enregistrées de Cocaine Anonymous World Services, Inc.
- "CA", "Cocaine Anonymous" and the CA Logo are registered trademarks of Cocaine Anonymous World Services, Inc.
8. Cocaine Anonymous of Utah
- www.caofutah.com
- Cocaine Anonymous of Utah.
- Cocaine Anonymous is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other, that they may solve their common problem and help other to recover from their addiction. The only requirement for membership is a desire to stop using cocaine and all other mind-altering substances. ... Our primary purpose is to stay free from cocaine and all other mind-altering substances, and to help others achieve the same freedom.
- Read Cocaine Anonymous Approved Literature.
- ", "Cocaine Anonymous" and the CA Logo are registered trademarks of Cocaine Anonymous World Services, Inc. ...
9. Crack Cocaine
- cocaine.org
- What is Crack Cocaine?.
- Cocaine is an alkaloid found in leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. ... Cocaine, alas, offers only a tragically delusive short-cut. ...
- Albert Niemann described an improved purification process for his PhD; he named it "cocaine". Sigmund Freud, an early enthusiast, described cocaine as a magical drug. ... To Sherlock Holmes, cocaine was "so transcendentally stimulating and clarifying to the mind that its secondary action is a matter of small moment". Robert Louis Stephenson wrote The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde during a six-day cocaine-binge. ...
- Doctors dispensed cocaine as an antidote to morphine addiction. ...
- Cocaine was soon sold over-the-counter. Until 1916, one could buy it at Harrods: a kit labelled "A Welcome Present for Friends at the Front" contained cocaine, morphine, syringes and spare needles. Cocaine was widely used in tonics, toothache cures and patent medicines; in coca cigarettes "guaranteed to lift depression"; and in chocolate cocaine tablets. ... 9 per cent pure cocaine. Prospective buyers were advised - in the words of pharmaceutical firm Parke-Davis - that cocaine "could make the coward brave, the silent eloquent, and render the sufferer insensitive to pain". ...
- When combined with alcohol, the cocaine alkaloid yields a further potently reinforcing compound, now known to be cocaethylene. Thus cocaine was a popular ingredient in wines, notably Vin Mariani. ...
- Until 1903, a typical serving contained around 60mg of cocaine. ...
10. Crack Cocaine, Crack Cocaine Recovery, Crack cocaine addiction,links to crack cocaine recovery sites
- www.crackrecovery.com
- Crack Cocaine Recovery .
- a personal story of recovery from crack addiction - written by a recovering crack cocaine addict.
- crack cocaine is the most addictive, most deadly, most destructive and perhaps the strongest street drug you'll ever face. If you're addicted to crack cocaine, or have a cocaine addicted family member. ... Read on - there is hope for recovery from crack cocaine addiction. I know, I've beat crack cocaine addiction for 6 years and so can you.
- There is Hope – You can kick crack – Recovery from crack cocaine addiction is possible.
- I watched her take a hit, and asked what it was;"cocaine she said". ...
- Don't ever try smoking crack cocaine -- for any reason. Crack cocaine is the most addictive substance imaginable. Crack cocaine will take your soul, crack cocaine will take your morals and crack cocaine will take your life. ... Crack cocaine is incredibly addictive. ...
- Crack addiction will rule your thoughts and crack cocaine will control your waking hours - crack will rule you. ... I know first hand where crack cocaine will take you.
11. Cocaine
- www.streetdrugs.org
- Cocaine.
- Cocaine is a highly potent stimulant that is considered to be one of the greatest drug threats to the world because of the violence associated with trafficking and use, the physical and psychological effects associated with its use, and the costs to society as a whole. ...
- Wholesale cocaine traffickers purchase cocaine from importers and regional distributors usually in kilogram or multi-kilogram allotments. This is generally the manner in which cocaine is shipped from Colombia or other cocaine producing countries to the United States and other consuming countries. Once the cocaine reaches its "consuming country," other wholesalers package the powder cocaine into retail quantities (ounces or grams) or convert the powdered cocaine into crack for retail sales.
- There is great risk whether cocaine is ingested by inhalation (snorting), injection, or smoking. It appears that compulsive cocaine use may develop even more rapidly if the substance is smoked rather than snorted. Smoking allows extremely high doses of cocaine to reach the brain very quickly and brings an intense and immediate high. ...
- federal authorities seized over 111 metric tons of cocaine in Calendar Year 2001. ...
- The DASIS Report: Cocaine Treatment Admissions, by State: 1992-2002 (January 28, 2005) .
- Cocaine: Abuse and Addiction NIDA Research Report (1999).
- Cocaine ONDCP Fact Sheet (November 2003) .
12. Welcome to Cocaine Anonymous
- www.ca.org
- Cocaine Anonymous is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from their addiction. The only requirement for membership is a desire to stop using cocaine and all other mind-altering substances. ... Our primary purpose is to stay free from cocaine and all other mind-altering substances, and to help others achieve the same freedom. ...
- Cocaine Anonymous is open to all persons who state a desire to stop using cocaine, including "crack" cocaine, as well as all other mind-altering substances. ...
- Cocaine Anonymous began in Los Angeles in 1982, and has since expanded throughout the United States and Canada, with groups now forming in Europe. Our literature is available in English, French, and Spanish and our first book “Hope, Faith and Courage: Stories from the Fellowship of Cocaine Anonymous” was published in 1994. ...
- Cocaine Anonymous is a Fellowship of, by, and for addicts seeking recovery. ...
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