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• Ecstasy - MDMA.
• What is Ecstasy (MDMA)?.
• The American Heritage Dictionary defines ecstasy as "intense joy or delight. " Despite its peppy name, the illegal drug ecstasy can damage nerve cells in the brain. Ecstasy, also known as 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine or "MDMA" for short, is a stimulant related to the drugs mescaline and amphetamine. ...
• This practice was stopped in 1986 when animal studies showed that ecstasy caused brain damage.
• Some users say they take ecstasy because it lowers their inhibitions and relaxes them. ... Ecstasy gained national attention when it was the drug of choice at club parties, called "raves. ...
• George Ricaurte, an associate professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins University, analyzed brain scans of people who had used ecstasy. The study included people who had used ecstasy an average of 200 times over five years. ... Moreover, memory tests of people who have taken ecstasy as compared to non-drug users have shown that the ecstasy users had lower scores.
• Ricaurte is conducting other studies to gauge ecstasy's effect on mood, memory, cognition, and behaviors such as eating and sleeping. In 2003, German researchers used PET scans to study the brains of current and past users of ecstasy. This research demonstrated that ecstasy users had lower levels of serotonin activity in several brain areas. However, ecstasy users who stopped using the drug 20 weeks before the scan showed some recovery in serotonin function.
• Maybe they didn't remember how many times they had used ecstasy. ... In an article published in The Journal of Neuroscience (June 15, 1999), Ricaurte compared the data from monkeys who were given ecstasy dissolved in a liquid twice a day for four days to other monkeys who received the same liquid WITHOUT the ecstasy twice a day for four days. The study showed that the monkeys who were given ecstasy had damage to the serotonin-containing nerve cells. ...

• MDMA/Ecstasy.
• What is Ecstasy? .
• Ecstasy is a slang or street name for Methylenedioxymethamphetamines (MDMA) It is a synthetic, psychoactive mind-altering drug with hallucinogenic and amphetamine (stimulant) like effects. ...
• MDMA/ Ecstasy produces less stimulation than cocaine or amphetamines and is taken for its hallucinogenic rather than its stimulant properties. ...
• MDMA/Ecstasy is produced in clandestine laboratories, and is seldom pure. ...
• Why the sudden popularity of MDMA / Ecstasy?.
• In the mid-1980’s MDMA/Ecstasy burst onto the street drug scene and since 1999 the surge has been back again.   Ecstasy has fast become the drug of choice for young people around the United States and Tennessee is no exception. ...
• What are the effects of MDMA / Ecstasy?.
• Beliefs about Ecstasy are reminiscent of similar claims made about LSD in the 1950’s and 1960’s, which proved to be untrue. ...
• What are the some slang names for MDMA/Ecstasy? .
• How is MDMA/Ecstasy ingested? .
• What is “Herbal Ecstasy” and what are the effects of it? .
• In recent years, Herbal Ecstasy has been promoted as a safe alternative to the illegal drug Ecstasy, but has been blamed by the FDA for causing at least 17 deaths and 800 illnesses, including nerve damage, strokes and heart attacks. ...
• Herbal Ecstasy is found on the shelves of health food stores and convenience markets.    Caffeine and Ephedrine (both stimulants) are the active ingredients in Herbal Ecstasy. ...

• Purpose: To examine the prevalence and changing patterns of ecstasy use among college students, and to determine characteristics, associated behaviors, and interests of ecstasy users.
• Methods: The study analyzes data regarding ecstasy use and related behaviors from the 1997 and 1999 Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study. ... Changes in self-reported annual ecstasy use were examined, and life style and high risk behaviors associated with ecstasy use were identified. ...
• Results: The prevalence of past year ecstasy use rose from 2. ... Ecstasy users were more likely to use marijuana, engage in binge drinking, smoke cigarettes, have multiple sexual partners, consider arts and parties as important, religion as less important, spend more times socializing with friends and spend less times studying. Unlike other illicit drug users, ecstasy users were not academic underachievers and their satisfaction with education was not different from that of non-ecstasy users.
• Conclusions: Ecstasy use is a high risk behavior among college students which has increased rapidly in the past decade.
• Key Words: Ecstasy, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Substance-related Disorders, Epidemiology, College Students.

• Tablets of Ecstasy, a growing problem .
• Ecstasy’s allure.
• "ROBERT" first sampled Ecstasy at a teen dance club at 17, which is how many young people are introduced to the drug.
• The experience was so good that Robert, who is now 26, continued using Ecstasy up until a few months ago. ...
• "Ecstasy is prevalent at rave clubs," said Honolulu Police Department Maj. ...
• Ecstasy, or Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, is also known as MDMA, Adam, XTC, E, Essence or simply "X. ...
• Robert said Ecstasy gives people the energy to dance all night.
• Ecstasy has been around since the 1980s, but with the emergence of "raves" in Honolulu, the use and availability of Ecstasy, or MDMA, has surged, which has local law enforcement concerned.
• Ecstasy is an amphetamine-based drug with hallucinogenic properties that affect the senses, said State Narcotics Enforcement Division Administrator Keith Kamita. ...
• Although the effects of long-term or sustained usage of Ecstasy are still being studied and debated, recent studies say it may cause irreversible damage to nerves in the brain associated with memory and thought. ... Last year, Mark Tuinei, a former University of Hawaii and Dallas Cowboys lineman, died after mixing heroin with Ecstasy.
• "Ecstasy is a stealth drug that has quietly crept into the suburban youth culture," said U. ...
• Customs Service in Honolulu, said Ecstasy is brought to the islands by mail, or is sometimes carried in by a person.
• "Designer drugs like Ecstasy can be a very serious problem," Kamita said. ...
• While marijuana and other easily identifiable drugs have a distinct scent, texture and appearance, parents may have a hard time telling the difference between a hit of Ecstasy and an aspirin or a children's vitamin.
• "I have a book; it has about 500 different pictures, and they're all Ecstasy," Dowsett said. ...

• The Myth that Ecstasy Users Think Ecstasy Is 'Safe' (Nov 2004) .
• CAUTION : Ecstasy tablets are notoriously impure, often containing chemicals other than MDMA.
• Summary & Review of Peter Jennings's 'Ecstasy Rising' .
• The Myth that Ecstasy Users Think Ecstasy Is 'Safe' .
• Ecstasy FAQ .
• Ecstasy Testing Kit FAQ .
• Ecstasy. ...
• Sildenafil (Viagra) & MDMA (Ecstasy) .
• Ecstasy in the UK, by Peter McDermott .
• An Overview Essay about Ecstasy by a Highschool Student, Elliott 2004 .
• Pathology of deaths associated with "ecstasy" misuse .
• Memory disturbances correlated with Ecstasy use .
• The occurrence of toothwear in users of Ecstasy .
• Does Ecstasy cause memory deficits? A review by Alex Gamma, Oct 2000.
• Mad For It : Ecstasy Culture, The Guardian (UK), March 1997 .
• Ecstasy: A Human Neurotoxin? .

• ecstasy's possible long-term effects as the drug pours.
• Editor's Note:The names of ecstasy users have been changed. ...
• There's a reason why this dose of happiness -- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) -- is called "ecstasy. ...
• Excessive use of ecstasy has long been suspected to cause neurotoxic effects -- i. ...
• Click here for more information on how the drug ecstasy may cause brain damage.
• Ecstasy has been illegal in the United States since 1985, when it was put into "Schedule 1," the most dangerous drug class, which means it is considered to have no medical value. ... ) But ecstasy is now moving its way up America's drug-popularity ladder and being closely watched as a consequence. ... Customs has seen a surge in the amount of ecstasy being smuggled into this country, and has confiscated more than 1 million doses in just the first eight months of this fiscal year. ...
• "What Colombia is for cocaine, the Netherlands is for ecstasy. ...
• To paint a picture of what your brain looks like on ecstasy requires a walk through cranial byways of the brain, and through doctors' vastly different interpretations of what happens when you take it. ...
• "Ecstasy is a safer escapism, and you still have your wits about you. " John says the first time he took ecstasy, he felt like he could sit down and do calculus -- because, unlike alcohol, it didn't affect his ability to concentrate. ...
• Contrary to widespread rumors, doctors say ecstasy does not drain your spinal fluid; but it does have negative effects. "There's no such thing as recreational ecstasy use; this is not like playing ping-pong or tennis," says Dr. ...
• Next page | Ecstasy is great -- too bad it's so damn neurotoxic!.

• ECSTASY.
• What is Ecstasy?.
• Ecstasy is one of the most dangerous drugs threatening young people today. ...   While not all “event” attendees use Ecstasy, the drug often makes the circuit of these parties and can set up dangerous circumstances that can affect everyone there.
•   It wasn’t until 1985 that Ecstasy was made illegal. ...
• One reason Ecstasy can be especially dangerous is the lack of content control. ...
• Ecstasy is usually taken in pill form and swallowed and it can also be injected  Some users have been known to crush and snort the resulting powder. ...
• Ecstasy is similar (in nature) to other amphetamines and hallucinogens. ...   Also referred to as “the love drug”, Ecstasy often makes the user feel good, happy and relaxed - at least at first.   Contrary to rumors, Ecstasy is not an aphrodisiac and can actually inhibit sexual performance.
•   Anyone suffering from hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, epilepsy, mental illness or panic should avoid taking Ecstasy.
• Taking too much Ecstasy can result in:.
• An Ecstasy high can last from six to 24 hours but usually averages three to four hours. ...
• Recent findings connect use of Ecstasy to memory loss.   Use of Ecstasy depletes serotonin, a very important chemical in the brain which regulates mood, sleeping and eating habits, as well as, the thinking and behavior process, sexual function, and sensitivity to pain. ...
• Herbal Ecstasy.

• 'Confessions of a Middle-Aged Ecstasy Eater'.
• And so, if eating Ecstasy be chiefly a sensual, and so a mindless pleasure, and if, as I confess, I have indulged in it to excess, no less true is that I have struggled to understand my habit, if not yet with the religious zeal required properly to get shed of it.
• And this is but one of the many lessons, insofar as one may be disposed to receive them, that Ecstasy is wont to impart: that first principles—of life, love, God, beauty—fly apart, and it is not incumbent upon us to puzzle them through that we might piece them together again, but merely do as we might to hold on for dear life, to ride out the storm and, as we may manage it, gather unto ourselves some little enjoyment in the doing. ... Ecstasy—and not merely the drug—never was intended to be intellectualized.
• (Though if science can design for us Ecstasy, can immortality be far behind?).
• I have occasionally been asked how I first came to it, that is, how I became a regular Ecstasy-eater, the assumption being, I presume, that I was seeking a cheap (I have paid as little as ten dollars a pill when buying ‘in bulk', seldom more than twenty-five dollars) and ephemeral thrill, pursuing a temporary state of pleasurable, if wholly artificial excitement, the craic of that High, the visceral flow of its fix, the ultimate roll. ... I was aware of its reputation as the ‘Love Drug', had heard it described—I can no longer recall just where—as a ‘four-hour, full-body orgasm', had read Sean Elder's seminal 1986 article, ‘On Ecstasy', and all of this I found—what?—intriguing, appealing, alluring? Well, I found it worthy of further investigation. ...
• For while I cannot swear with spot-on certainty, I believe that my coming to Ecstasy—or it to me—goes further than mere thrill-seeking. ...
• If ecstasy is not meant to be intellectualized, neither is suffering intended to be phenomenalized, particularly where it is of no higher order than anyone else's. ...
• It began with my only child, a son—he was then my best friend, from time to time still is—and I did not see it coming (not that I was looking; I was sitting on a fast ball, not the curve I was eventually served), and it culminated in Ecstasy, and to that I see no end. ...
• My son supplies me with drugs, with Ecstasy, and if I am to be consigned to perdition, if I am to roast in hell, this, it seems to me, is first among the reasons that I shall do so. ...
• Ecstasy was made a Schedule One illegal drug—for which we can all thank that cynosure of intellect, Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen—in June of 1985. ...
• But I know something of Ecstasy, perhaps I even know a lot, or more than most, and certainly more than most of a certain age, which is to say, a comparable, middling one. ...
• Ecstasy is delicious. Or, put it another way, Ecstasy is delicious and I recommend highly, loudly and long that everyone whose health—physical and psychological—does not contraindicate or preclude its ingestion, ought to ingest it. ...
• Ecstasy is a clarifier. ...

• Serotonergic function after (+/-)3,4-methylene-dioxymethamphetamine ('Ecstasy') in humans .
• (+/-)3,4-Methylene-dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or 'Ecstasy') effects on serotonin system function and behaviour in humans are unclear. ...
• MDMA (Ecstasy) info.
• Ecstasy and l-deprenyl.
• Ecstasy and fluoxetine.
• MDMA (Ecstasy) : structure.

• Ecstasy.
• Latest RaveSafe Flyer on Ecstasy.
• Formal studies using brain scans show that regular Ecstasy users are permanently changing their brains. ...

• Ecstasy effects ruled by genes.
• Studies damning ecstasy 'flawed' .
• Scientific evidence that ecstasy damages the brain is fundamentally flawed and has misled politicians and the public, according to New Scientist magazine. ...
• At the centre of the controversy are scans which allegedly show that ecstasy destroys nerve cells involved in the production and transport of serotonin, a brain chemical. ...
• In 1998 a team at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore published a paper in The Lancet, based on brain scans, showing what looked like lasting brain damage in ecstasy users. But two independent experts told New Scientist there was a key flaw - the way brains reacted to the scan varied with or without ecstasy. ...
• New Scientist said it was an "open secret" some researchers who failed to find impairment in ecstasy users had trouble getting findings published. ...

• from Ecstasy: The Complete Guide ed. ...
• It is from the excellent book Ecstasy: The Complete Guide edited by Julie Holland which contains a number of very interesting articles on the topic of MDMA, its complications, and its potential as a psychiatric medication. ...
• Studies Comparing Ecstasy Users and Nonusers .
• Personality Differences between Ecstasy users and nonusers .
• Neurofunctional Differences between ecstasy users and nonusers .
• Cognitive Differences between ecstasy users and nonusers .
• Though limited in scope, studies of ecstasy users present a strong probability that similar serotonergic changes occur in many humans. Studies comparing ecstasy users and nonusers support an association between modestly-lowered intelligence testing, or cognitive performance tests, and ecstasy use, but clinically significant performance decreases have not been detected. ...
• Although millions of people have taken millions of doses of ecstasy, controlled studies of users have not been large enough to detect any but the most common chronic adverse effects. ...
• The latter part of this chapter will focus on the implications of long-term serotonergic changes by discussing (5) the behavioral and functional effects of MDMA-induced serotonergic changes in animals; (6) studies comparing ecstasy users to nonusers (including personality, cognitive, and functional comparisons); (7) available data from clinical studies in which MDMA was administered; and (8) potential strategies for reducing risk to human volunteers.
• Of note, Kish (2000) did find striatal 5-HT depletions in a chronic ecstasy user who died shortly after ecstasy ingestion. ...
• Findings from studies of ecstasy users may allow more focused and hypothesis-driven studies of animals. ...
• Studies Comparing Ecstasy Users and Nonusers.
• Over 35 studies have been published retrospectively comparing illicit ecstasy users to nonusers. ... Thus, one might evaluate studies by considering to what extent they differentiate between typical characteristics of frequent illicit drug users and those specifically associated with ecstasy use. Editor's note: It is also important to realize that ecstasy users may not be ingesting MDMA alone or sometimes at all, as there is no guarantee that purchased ecstasy contains MDMA. ... Despite these limitations, some conclusions can be drawn from studies comparing ecstasy users and nonusers. ...

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