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• Vortices of water, called "eddies," form off the northwestern coast of North America in the winter, and are particularly large during El Niño winters when warm waters along the coast flow northward at greater speed than normal. These eddies carry local nutrient-rich waters far offshore into regions with low ambient nutrient levels. As the eddies transport fresh water and nutrients out into the middle of the Gulf of Alaska, they provide nourishment for phytoplankton—microscopic plants that form the foundation of the marine food chain. (To learn more about these tiny plants, read: What are Phytoplankton?) How important are these eddies for the Gulf’s ecosystem? It is hard to answer that question now but, in one example, scientists say it is possible that variations in the size and frequency of the eddies are one of the factors governing the success of salmon in the open ocean.
• With these data, they set out to determine the properties and behavior of the eddies and measure their impact on the Gulf of Alaska’s ecosystem. The researchers found that the eddies, particularly those created during El Niño years, can last several years. They found that the eddies migrate slowly through the Gulf, moved about by shifting currents, and replenish nutrient-starved regions with iron and nitrate.
• "Our concern over the depletion of fish in this region makes satellite altimeter measurements such as TOPEX/Poseidon data particularly important in understanding the formation and movement of these nutrient-rich eddies, and how they influence salmon growth and other fisheries," says William Crawford of Fisheries and Oceans Canada at the Institute of Ocean Sciences.
• Eddies are rotating masses of water in the ocean that typically form along the boundaries of ocean currents. In the Gulf of Alaska, eddies of warm water, filled with nutrients from shallow coastal water, mix with the cold water off the continental shelf. ...
• In 1998, he and colleague Frank Whitney began using TOPEX/Poseidon images produced by the University of Colorado to track the large-scale eddies. The satellite data, along with in situ data collected aboard a Canadian Coast Guard Ship gave Crawford and Whitney unique insight into these eddies as a natural mechanism for nourishing the sea.
•  Eddies in the Gulf of Alaska The data used in this study are available in one or more of NASA's Earth Science Data Centers.
• Satellites monitor movement and evolution of eddies continuously. ... Since eddies that are warmer than the surrounding water are higher than the usual sea surface height, they appear on these maps. ... Warm core eddies appear as red circles. ...

• Eddies Castle ist auf unbestimmte Zeit nicht erreichbar.

• NASA/FRENCH SATELLITE FOLLOWS FISH-FEEDING EDDIES .
•        Some of the largest ocean eddies to form in recent years along the west coast of Alaska and Canada, bringing with them nutrients to feed a dwindling population of salmon and other marine life, are being tracked with satellite data from the joint NASA-French space agency TOPEX/Poseidon and by ERS-2. ...
• The large "Sitka" and "Haida" eddies, named for the town of Sitka, Alaska, and the native name for the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada, form along the Alaskan Panhandle and Canadian west coast each year and drift into deeper waters to the west. The TOPEX/Poseidon satellite has tracked these and other eddies since the 1992-93 winter. Years with heavy El Niño winds appear to produce particularly large eddies that can last for several years and replenish nutrient-starved regions of the ocean. ... Tully show that the eddies move fresh water, iron and nitrates from land to sea. ...
•        "Our concern over the depletion of fish in this region makes altimeter measurements such as TOPEX/Poseidon data particularly important to understanding the formation and movement of these nutrient-rich eddies and how they influence salmon growth and other fisheries," said William Crawford of Fisheries and Oceans Canada at the Institute of Ocean Sciences. He and colleague Frank Whitney have been using TOPEX/Poseidon images produced by the University of Colorado to track large-scale eddies along the Pacific Northwest. They observed unusually high Sitka and Haida eddies in the ocean during the severe El Niño of 1998. Both eddies were 30 centimeters (12 inches) higher than surrounding waters. ...
•        "These eddies, which brought higher nutrient levels and a local resurgence of phytoplankton, became two of the largest observed," Crawford said. ...
•        The eddies usually drift westward and disappear within two years in deep waters off the Gulf of Alaska. ...

• Eddies in the Gulf of Alaska.
• For this reason, satellites that sense ocean surface temperature seldom find these eddies. ...
• He had just found a Web site that posts, for free, the most up-to-date, accurate information on these eddies!.
• Leben wanted to enable the public to find their own eddies. ... Leben then applied spatial filters to enhance the display of ocean eddies and suppress large-scale seasonal signals. ...
• ) They also determined that some of these eddies might be the source of meanders and eddies in the Alaskan Stream (Crawford et al. ...
• The Colorado web site showed Haida-1998 to be one of an annual supply of eddies that transport fresh water and nutrients into the Gulf from the Alaskan Panhandle and the Canadian West Coast. The unusually high elevation of the eddy core marks it as one of the largest eddies observed in this region. Haida eddies belong to a class of anticyclonic, coastal-generated eddies first noticed in water property data near Sitka, Alaska at 57 °N (Tabata, 1982), and later in satellite infrared measurements by Thomson and Gower (1998). Crawford and Whitney (1999) identified another region where eddies are typically generated between 51°N and 54°N, off the West Coast of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Over the years 1994 to 1999, they found that three to five large eddies formed along the Alaskan Panhandle and Canadian West Coast in any one winter.
•  Tracking Eddies that Feed the Sea.

• Eddies in the Gulf Stream.
• The Gulf Stream forms water rings, or eddies, that can influence the productivity of fishing areas. Eddies are sections of moving water that swirl off from the main Gulf Stream current and loop back on themselves, forming something like whirlpools. These eddies consist of water that is of different temperature than the water that surrounds them. On the surface, eddies are usually about 100–300 km in diameter. ... The SST image below shows three well-developed eddies, revealed by the difference in sea surface temperatures.   !   Examine the SST image to identify the eddies. ... Click the red dots to see animations showing how warm and cold eddies form. ...

• Eddies.
• In both Shelikof Strait and the Bering Sea, eddies play a role in coupled biophysical processes. ... Formation of three or four eddies per month during spring Bograd et al. ... Further, since some eddies tend to remain nearly stationary for periods of weeks, they retain larvae in the sea valley Reed et al. ... Some eddies have unique chemical properties Incze et al. ...
• In the eastern Bering Sea, the presence of relatively small eddies (diameter <50 km) has recently been documented Schumacher and Stabeno, 1994 . ... In all but one case, the trajectories of the buoys defined eddies. Likewise, the buoys (33) that were not deployed in a patch did not indicate eddies. This association of pollock larvae and eddies may have significant impact on larval survival. ...

• Lee-waves and eddies behind isolated islands.
• Eddies drifting away organize in a Karman vortex street. The lee-waves and eddies may extend several hundred kilometer downstream in the wake. ... The diameters of the eddies are of the order 25 km. ...
• The lee-waves and eddies in the wake of Jan Mayen are caused when airflow is diverted mainly by the island isolated conical mountain, Beerenberg (B), 2277 m high. ...
• Eddies are normally generated in situation with a shallow inversion layer intersecting the mountain below about 1800 m. ...

• Studying Coastal Eddies: Restaurants and Nurseries of the Sea October 26, 2001 .
•        Two NASA oceanographers have found and described numerous coastal ocean eddies off the southern California coast that are smaller and more abundant than previously reported. ...
• , also emphasize the potential importance of the eddies to local marine flora and fauna. ...
•        "Eddies can serve as mini-restaurants and nurseries in the coastal ocean," DiGiacomo said. ...
•        Eddies, which are whirlpool-like occurrences in the ocean, can foster plant growth by supplying nutrients. ...
•        This is the most comprehensive study to date of small coastal ocean eddies in the Southern California Bight, or the coastal ocean from Point Conception to just south of San Diego. ...
•        Although eddies are related to the ocean water around them, they have distinct biological and physical personalities. Visual clues to the existence of some eddies are circular slicks, or glassy water, on the ocean's surface. ...
•        The dispersal of pollutants, a significant environmental concern, can also be affected by coastal ocean eddies. Knowing the characteristics of these eddies can help authorities monitor and control oil spills and coastal runoff. ...
• All the coastal eddies found were less than 50 kilometers (about 31 miles) in diameter, and 70 percent of them were less than 10 kilometers (about 6. 2 miles) in diameter, considered small in the world of eddies. ...

• Currents and Eddies play important roles in the transport and distribution of nutrients and biota (Brodeur et al, 1996 ; Hermann et al, 1996). ...
• Bering Sea Eddies (James Schumacher, Rev. ...
• PMEL Publications on currents and eddies: Listed below are direct links to abstracts of PMEL articles relating to currents and eddies beginning 1968 to the present, using PMEL's Publication Information Search Engine: .
• eddies - North Pacific Ocean eddies - Bering Sea clouds eddies - Gulf of Alaska.

• What's Inside The Eddies.
• Who Are The Eddies?.
• The Eddies Home.
• Book The Eddies.
• The Eddies are always fun. ...
• The Eddies sing at a wide range of venues. ...
• What was the easiest act The Eddies ever had to follow?.
• ©2004 The Eddies  .

• Gulf of Aden eddies and their impact on Red Sea Water.
• New oceanographic observations in the Gulf of Aden in the northwestern Indian Ocean have revealed large, energetic, deep-reaching mesoscale eddies that fundamentally influence the spreading rates and pathways of intermediate-depth Red Sea Water (RSW). Three eddies were sampled in February 2001, two cyclonic and one anticyclonic, with diameters 150–250 km. ... All three eddies reached nearly to the 1000–2000 m deep sea floor, with speeds as high as 0. ... Comparison of salinity and direct velocity measurements indicates that the eddies advect and stir RSW through the Gulf of Aden. ...
• Index Terms: 4520 Oceanography: Physical: Eddies and mesoscale processes; 4536 Oceanography: Physical: Hydrography; 4512 Oceanography: Physical: Currents. ...
• Peters (2002), Gulf of Aden eddies and their impact on Red Sea Water, Geophys. ...

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