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1. existential fallacy from FOLDOC
- www.swif.uniba.it
- existential fallacy.
- <logic> the formal fallacy committed in a categorical syllogism that is invalid because it has two universal premises and a particular conclusion. ...
- Nearby terms: exclusive premises « existence « existence proof « existential fallacy » existential import » existential instantiation » existentialism .
2. Brass Lantern Fallacy of Dawn Reviews
- brasslantern.org
- Home > Reviews > Text > Fallacy of Dawn Beginners Players Writers Reviews Graphic Text Editorials Community News .
- Fallacy of Dawn Reviews.
- The following people have written reviews of Robb Sherwin's game Fallacy of Dawn and posted them to rec. ...
3. Relativist fallacy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- en2.wikipedia.org
- Relativist fallacy.
- The relativist fallacy, also known as the subjectivist fallacy, is a logical fallacy committed, roughly speaking, when one person claims that something may be true for one person but not true for someone else. The fallacy is supposed to rest on the law of non-contradiction. The fallacy, it is said, applies only to objective facts, or what are alleged to be objective facts, rather than to facts about personal tastes or subjective experiences, and only to facts regarded in the same sense and at the same time. On this formulation, the very name "relativist fallacy" begs the question against anyone who earnestly (however mistakenly or not) holds that there are no "objective facts. " So some more work has to be done, in a non-question-begging way, to make it clear wherein, exactly, the fallacy lies.
- There are at least two ways to interpret "the relativist fallacy": either as identical to relativism (generally), or as the ad hoc adoption of a relativist stance purely to defend a controversial position.
- On the one hand, those discussions of the relativist fallacy which make the fallacy out to be identical to relativism (e. ... , linguistic relativism or cultural relativism) are themselves committing a commonly-identified fallacy of informal logic, namely, begging the question against an earnest, intelligent, logically-competent relativist. It is itself a fallacy to describe a controversial view as a "fallacy"--not, at least, without arguing that it is a fallacy. ...
- To advocate relativism, even some sophisticated relativism, is to commit the relativist fallacy. ...
- If one commits a fallacy, one says something false or not worth serious consideration. ...
- On the other hand, if someone adopts a simple relativist stance as an ad hoc defense of a controversial or otherwise compromised position--saying, in effect, that "what is true for you is not necessarily true for me," and thereby attempting to avoid having to mount any further defense of the position--one might be said to have committed a fallacy. The accusation of having committed a fallacy might rest on either of two grounds: (1) the relativism on which the bogus defense rests is so simple and meritless that it straightforwardly contradicts the Law of Non-Contradiction; or (2) the defense (and thus the fallacy itself) is an example of ad hoc reasoning (which see). ...
- On any interpretation of the fallacy, in determining whether the relativist fallacy has been committed, one should distinguish between things which are true for a particular person, and things which are true about that person. ...
- As he is discussing something which is true about himself, he is not barred from making an argument which considers subjective facts, and so he does not commit the fallacy.
4. Peter Suber, "One-Sidedness Fallacy"
- www.earlham.edu
- The One-Sidedness Fallacy Peter Suber, Philosophy Department, Earlham College .
- Some writers call it special pleading, but most writers use that term for a slightly different fallacy. ... I like "one-sidedness fallacy" because we are accustomed to calling arguments "one-sided" if they suffer from the limitations we'll describe here. ...
- The fallacy consists of giving reasons for your thesis without considering reasons against it, or giving reasons against an opposing view without considering reasons for it. ...
- The one-sidedness fallacy does not make an argument invalid. ... The fallacy consists in persuading readers, and perhaps ourselves, that we have said enough to tilt the scale of evidence and therefore enough to justify a judgment. ...
- So the one-sidedness fallacy doesn't mean that your premises are false or irrelevant, only that they are incomplete. ...
- If this is true, then it's true of every fallacy. ...
5. Fallacy -- from MathWorld
- mathworld.wolfram.com
- Fallacy.
- A fallacy is an incorrect result arrived at by apparently correct, though actually specious reasoning. ...
- The most common example of a mathematical fallacy is the "proof" that 1 = 2 as follows. ...
- Dissection Fallacy, Division by Zero .
- "Geometric Fallacy & the Fibonacci Sequence. ...
- "Fallacy. ... com/Fallacy. ...
6. Equivocation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- en2.wikipedia.org
- (Redirected from Logical fallacy/Equivocation) .
- The fallacy of equivocation is committed when someone uses the same word in different meanings in an argument, implying that the word means the same each time round.
- The above argument commits this fallacy: The word light is used in the sense of having little weight the first time, but of having a bright colour the second time. Since the middle term in this syllogism is actually two different terms, equivocation is actually a kind of the fallacy of four terms.
- The fallacy of equivocation is often used with words that have a strong emotional content and many meanings. ...
- Equivocation is closely linked with the fallacy of amphiboly, where amphiboly relies on a syntactic shift.
7. Mission: Critical (Fallacious Appeals Exercises)
- www.sjsu.edu
- Do you really want to be a loser like him for the rest of your life?" No fallacy Appeal to Spite Appeal to Indirect Consequences (Slippery Slope) Scare Tactics (Appeal to Fear) .
- " No fallacy Appeal to Pity (Sob Story) Appeal to Indirect Consequences (Slippery Slope) Appeal to Common Practice .
- " No fallacy Appeal to Fear (Scare Tactics) Appeal to Indirect Consequences (Slippery Slope) Appeal to Common Practice .
- "I can't believe you still eat red meat! Didn't you see the newspaper report that said 63% of Americans think eating red meat is unhealthy?" No fallacy Appeal to Fear (Scare Tactics) Appeal to Common Practice Appeal to Common Belief .
- "Stephen, if you don't stop smoking, you are going to die!" No fallacy Appeal to Fear (Scare Tactics) Appeal to Indirect Consequences (Slippery Slope) Appeal to Common Belief .
- Do you really want to be a loser like him for the rest of your life?" You answered: No fallacy Though your uncle may be a loser, the suggestion here is that there is an automatic and unavoidable causal connection between not studying for your degree and becoming a loser. ...
- " You answered No fallacy The argument is that George's report should be graded, at least in part, not on its quality but on the effort he put into it. ...
- " You answered: No fallacy All this may be possible, but there is no reason to believe that borrowing class notes leads automatically and inevitably to dependence, absence, and failure. ...
- "I can't believe you still eat red meat! Didn't you see the newspaper report that said 63% of Americans think eating red meat is unhealthy?" No fallacy It's certainly no fallacy that eating meat is unhealthy, if not for you, then for the poor animal who was slaughtered for you. ... The fallacy in this exercise is that meat's unhealthy nature can be proven by an opinion poll, which is not the case. ...
- The fallacy in this exercise is that meat's unhealthy nature can be proven by an opinion poll, and an opinion poll can do no such thing. ...
- "I can't believe you still eat red meat! Didn't you see the newspaper report that said 63% of Americans think eating red meat is unhealthy?" You answered: Appeal to Common Practice Meat eating and opinion polls are both, unfortunately, common practices, but the fallacy of appeal to common practice works by suggesting that something is permissible if "everyone is doing it. ... The fallacy in this exercise is that meat's unhealthy nature can be proven by an opinion poll, which is not the case. ...
- It's certainly no fallacy that eating meat is unhealthy, if not for you, then for the poor animal who was slaughtered for you. ... The fallacy in this exercise is that meat's unhealthy nature can be proven by an opinion poll, which is not the case, and makes this a case of a fallacious appeal to common belief. ...
- "Stephen, if you don't stop smoking, you are going to die!" You answered: No fallacy If we choose to present true information in the form of a threat, is that still a fallacy? It's true that there is a causal connection between smoking and early death. ... It may be in a good cause, but this is nonetheless a fallacy. ...
8. Mission: Critical (False Dilemma Fallacy)
- www.sjsu.edu
- False Dilemma (Either-Or Fallacy, Black and White Fallacy).
- Presenting two options as if they were contradictions or contraries, when in fact they are not, is the common fallacy of false dilemma--so called because the "dilemma," or hard choice between two options, is "false," because other options than the two offered are possible. This fallacy is also known as the "either-or fallacy" because it makes you think that your options are limited to either one or the other. ...
- The claim thereby suggests there are good reasons for advocating the option of "leaving," instead of limiting consideration, as does the fallacy, to "leaving" as the only other option. ... There are, no doubt, some instances where one must choose between those two alternatives, and no others; context is often necessary to make a definitive judgment on a fallacy. ...
- Choose one of the following to go directly to another fallacy: Post Hoc Reasoning Straw Man Burden of Proof Circular Reasoning Loaded Question Unfair Fallacy .
9. Naturalistic fallacy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- en2.wikipedia.org
- Naturalistic fallacy.
- The naturalistic fallacy is an alleged logical fallacy concerning the semantics and metaphysics of ethical value. ... Moore introduced the term and the charge of fallacy in his 1903 book Principia Ethica (http://www. ...
- Moore claims that the naturalistic fallacy is committed by those who mistakenly think that the term "good" and the property goodness can be analyzed in terms of some other property. ...
- Moore (1903, 13) refers to the naturalistic fallacy as “naturalistic” because in the sentence ‘pleasure is good’, the subject (‘pleasure’) of the predicate names a natural quality, yet, or so Moore supposed, the predicate itself (‘is good’) names a non-natural (and indefinable) quality. Hence, by conflating a natural quality with a non-natural quality, one commits a naturalistic fallacy. Yet as Moore (1903, 13-14) himself noted, naturalistic fallacies are a subset of a more general type of fallacy that occurs whenever one attempts to define that which is inherently indefinable. Moore left this more general logical fallacy unnamed, but "the definitional fallacy" would be an apt name for this more general fallacy. For example, it would be a definitional fallacy to note that ripe lemons are yellow, but then leap to the conclusion that ‘yellow’ means the same as ‘lemon’. The words 'yellow' and 'lemon' both name natural qualities; therefore, strictly speaking, the naturalistic part of the fallacy is not committed. ...
- Hence, the naturalistic fallacy may be avoided by: (1) denying that moral predicates name non-natural qualities; or (2) or by attempting to define (non-natural) moral predicates in non-natural terms. According to Moore's larger point that moral predicates are indefinable, however, any attempt to define moral predicates will still commit a definitional fallacy.
- Thus, despite his use of the name "naturalistic fallacy", Moore claimed that the very same fallacy was committed by theorists who take supernatural or metaphysical properties (rather than natural properties) to serve as the basis for ethics. Given that Moore's real targets are semantic reductionism (the position that the term 'good' may be defined with non-moral terms and concepts), and metaphysical reductionism (the position that the property goodness is identical to, or constituted by, non-moral properties), a better label for the alleged error might be "the reductionist fallacy". ...
- Many people use the phrase "naturalistic fallacy" to characterize inferences of the form "This behavior is natural; therefore, this behavior is morally acceptable" or "This behavior is unnatural; therefore, this behavior is morally unacceptable". ...
- Additionally, many alternative health advocates fall in to the naturalistic fallacy because they claim that because something is natural, it is safe and effective as a health treatment. ...
10. Fallacy of many questions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- en2.wikipedia.org
- Fallacy of many questions.
- Many questions, also known as complex question, loaded question, or plurium interrogationum (Latin, "of many questions"), is a logical fallacy. ...
- Thus, that fact is presupposed by the question, and if it has not been agreed upon by the speakers before, the question is improper, and the fallacy of many questions has been committed. ...
- Note that the fallacy is all in context: the fact that a question presupposes something does not in itself make the question fallacious. ...
- A similar fallacy is begging the question.
11. Math Forum - Ask Dr. Math
- mathforum.org
- Paradox and Fallacy.
- Date: 01/25/2001 at 13:28:03 From: Lee CL Subject: Paradox What is paradox in mathematics? What is the difference between paradox and fallacy? Date: 01/25/2001 at 16:22:34 From: Doctor Rob Subject: Re: Paradox Thanks for writing to Ask Dr. ... A fallacy is something that seems to be true, but is false. ...
12. Gambler's fallacy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- en2.wikipedia.org
- Gambler's fallacy.
- The gambler's fallacy is one of many common misunderstandings which arise in everyday reasoning about probabilities, many of which have been studied in a great detail. It is considered to be a logical fallacy, and can be summarised with the phrase "the coin doesn't have a memory".
- The gambler's fallacy can be illustrated by a game in which a coin is tossed over and over again. ...
- Reasoning that it is more likely that the next toss will be a tail than a head due to the past tosses is the fallacy: the idea that a run of luck in the past somehow influences the odds of a bet in the future. ...
- Since the odds of a run of five heads are indeed very low, one might wonder where the fallacy lies. ... But at the point when the fallacy is formulated, four of those heads are already tossed; there is no uncertainty about them at all. ...
- Notice that the gambler's fallacy is quite different from the following path of reasoning (which comes to the opposite conclusion): the coin comes up heads more often than tails, so it is not a fair coin, so I will bet that the next toss will be heads also. ...
- A joke told among mathematicians demonstrates the nature of the fallacy. ...
- Some claim that the gambler's fallacy is a cognitive bias produced by a psychological heuristic called the representativeness heuristic.
- inverse gambler's fallacy .
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