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1. Coma Cluster
- crux.astr.ua.edu
- The Coma cluster is the prototypical rich cluster of galaxies, with over a thousand member galaxies known. ... As is usual for clusters of this richness, the galaxies are overwhelmingly elliptical and S0 galaxies, with only a few spirals (and many of them probably near the outskirts of the cluster). Most of the objects in this picture are galaxies; only the very bright objects with diffraction spikes and the smallest circular dots are foreground stars in our Galaxy. ...
2. StarChild: Galaxies
- starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov
- Galaxies.
- Galaxies range from a few thousand to a million light-years in diameter.
- Galaxies are scattered throughout the Universe and they vary greatly in size. A galaxy may be alone or it may be in a large group of galaxies called a "supercluster". Galaxies are classified by scientists according to their shape and appearance. ... Spiral galaxies tend to contain more middle-aged stars along with clouds of gas and dust. ... The elliptical galaxies contain older stars and very little gas and dust. Elliptical galaxies vary in their shape from round to flattened, elongated spheres.
- By studying the Doppler shift of different galaxies, scientists have concluded that all of the galaxies are moving away from each other. Galaxies that are the farthest from Earth appear to be traveling the fastest (relative to the Earth) of any galaxies.
- What evidence do scientists have that galaxies are continuing to move away from each other?.
3. Stars and Galaxies
- www.telescope.org
- Stars and Galaxies.
- This section also includes a wide range of interesting pictures of galaxies and related phenomena that can be observed in the universe through telescopes. Origin of the Universe Formation of Stars Life Cycle of the Stars Energy of Stars The Sun Nebulae Galaxies Some Remarkable Sights .
4. Cluster of Galaxies
- www-xray.ast.cam.ac.uk
- CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES .
- Clusters of galaxies are the largest and most massive objects in the Universe. ...
- Click on the high-lighted text to find out more about clusters of galaxies: .
5. Barred Spiral Galaxies
- www.smv.org
- Classifying Galaxies Barred Spirals .
- In about a third of spiral galaxies, the arms spiral out, not from the center, but from a straight bar of stars, gas, and dust that extends from both sides of the bright nucleus. ... Here are examples of these three sub-groups of barred spiral galaxies.
6. Seyfert Galaxies
- www.astro.umd.edu
- Seyfert Galaxies .
- Seyfert Galaxies are spiral galaxies with unusually bright, tiny cores that fluctuate in brightness. ... Approximately 2% of all spiral galaxies are Seyfert galaxies. This means either that about 2% of all spiral galaxies have active core or that most spiral galaxies have potentially active cores which erupt 2% of the time. ...
- There are two kinds of Seyfert galaxies called Type I and Type II. ... The emission lines of Type II Seyferts are much narrower, which suggests that the gas in these galaxies is moving much more slowly. ...
7. Galaxies
- www.windows.ucar.edu
- Galaxies .
- The Hubble "tuning fork" diagram shows the many types of galaxies and their classifications.
- These nebulae were not nebulae at all, but galaxies! Suddenly, our universe was much bigger. We realized that our Galaxy was just one of many billions of galaxies in the universe. ...
- Hubble continued to study galaxies his entire career, and we owe much of our understanding of galaxies to him. His observations led to the current classification of galaxies as spirals, ellipticals, or irregulars, and to our knowledge that the appearance of these galaxies depends both on our perspective, and on the forces which form and power galaxies. ...
8. Chandra :: Field Guide to X-ray Sources :: Groups & Clusters of Galaxies
- chandra.harvard.edu
- Groups & Clusters of Galaxies .
- Hundreds of galaxies containing stars, gas and dust; .
- Dark matter, a mysterious form of matter that has so far escaped direct detection with any type of telescope, but makes its presence felt through its gravitational pull on the galaxies and hot gas. ...
- T he hot gas envelopes the galaxies and fills the space between galaxies. It contains more mass than all the galaxies in the cluster. Although the galaxies and hot gas clouds are very massive, scientists have determined that about 10 times more mass is needed to hold the cluster together. ...
- McNamara (left) and X-ray image from Chandra (right) of the Hydra A cluster of galaxies. ...
- Astronomers think that galaxy clusters form as clumps of dark matter and their associated galaxies are pulled together by gravity to form groups of dozens of galaxies, which in turn merge to form clusters of hundreds, even thousands of galaxies. ... This heating can be a violent process as gas clouds enveloping groups of galaxies collide and merge to become a cluster over billions of years. ...
9. Galaxies
- www.seds.org
- Galaxies.
- Click the icon to view galaxies of the Messier catalog .
- Galaxies are large systems of stars and interstellar matter, typically containing several million to some trillion stars, of masses between several million and several trillion times that of our Sun, of an extension of a few thousands to several 100,000s light years, typically separated by millions of light years distance. ...
- The nearest dwarf galaxies, stellites of the Milky Way, are only a few 100,000 light years distant, while the nearest giant neighbor, the Andromeda Galaxy, also a spiral, is about 2-3 million light years distant. ...
- Spiral galaxies usually consist of two major components: A flat, large disk which often contains a lot of interstellar matter (visible sometimes as reddish diffuse emission nebulae, or as dark dust clouds) and young (open) star clusters and associations, which have emerged from them (recognizable from the blueish light of their hottest, short-living, most massive stars), often arranged in conspicuous and striking spiral patterns and/or bar structures, and an ellipsoidally formed bulge component, consisting of an old stellar population without interstellar matter, and often associated with globular clusters. ... The pattern structures in the disk are most probably transient phenomena only, caused by gravitational interaction with neighboring galaxies. ...
- These are, in short, "spiral galaxies without spiral structure", i. ... smooth disk galaxies, where stellar formation has stopped long ago, because the interstellar matter was used up. ...
- Elliptical galaxies are actually of ellipsoidal shape, and it is now quite safe from observation that they are usually triaxial (cosmic footballs, as Paul Murdin, David Allen, and David Malin put it). ... do not rotate as a whole (of course, the stars still orbit the centers of these galaxies, but the orbits are statistically oriented so that only little net orbital angular momentum sums up). Normally, elliptical galaxies contain very little or no interstellar matter, and consist of old population II stars only: They appear like luminous bulges of spirals, without a disk component. ...
- However, for some ellipticals, small disk components have been discovered, so that they may be representatives of one end of a common scheme of galaxy forms which includes the disk galaxies. ...
- Often due to distortion by the gravitation of their intergalactic neighbors, these galaxies do not fit well into the scheme of disks and ellipsoids, but exhibit peculiar shapes. ...
- From their appearance, galaxies are classified in types as given above, as spiral, lenticular, elliptical, and irregular galaxies, where spirals may be further classified for the presence of a bar (S: spirals, SAB: Intermediate, SB: Barred spirals). ... This so-called Hubble Classification Scheme can well be illustrated by Messier's galaxies: .
- Hubble Scheme with Messier galaxies for HTML browser supporting tables (e. ...
10. THE INFRARED UNIVERSE - The Early Universe
- www.ipac.caltech.edu
- In the infrared, astronomers can gather information about the universe as it was a very long time ago and study the early evolution of galaxies. ... The billions of galaxies outside our own galaxy range in distance from hundreds of thousands to billions of light years away. For the most distant galaxies, we see them as they were billions of years ago. ...
- As a result of the Big Bang (the tremendous explosion which marked the beginning of our Universe), the universe is expanding and most of the galaxies within it are moving away from each other. Astronomers have discovered that all distant galaxies are moving away from us and that the farther away they are, the faster they are moving. This recession of galaxies away from us has an interesting effect on the light emitted from these galaxies. ... This means that infrared studies can give us much information about the visible spectra of very young, distant galaxies. The image on the left is an infrared view of some of the farthest galaxies ever seen. ... Some of the galaxies shown here were previously unknown. ...
- These small temperature differences may be due to variations in the density of the early universe which may have led to the formation of galaxies. ...
- Protogalaxies provide us with a look at the era when galaxies were first coming to life. ...
- Infrared Universe Index | Star Formation | Stars | Extrasolar Planets | Our Galaxy | Other Galaxies | Between the Stars | Missing Mass - Brown Dwarfs? | The Early Universe .
11. IGN Advertisement
- pc.ign.com
- Continue to Star Wars Galaxies: Jump to Lightspeed Interview .
12. The Sculptor (South Polar) Group of Galaxies
- seds.lpl.arizona.edu
- The Sculptor Group of Galaxies (also South Polar Group).
- This is the closest group of galaxies to our Local Group, at only about 10 million light years distance. ...
- The group is dominated by bright NGC 253, the Sculptor or Silver Coin Galaxy, one of the brightest galaxies beyong the Local Group in the skies. ...
- Moreover, NGC 45 and IC 5332 were once dealt as a possible member of this group of galaxies, but their larger redshift (504 km/s for NGC 45, and 706 km/s for IC 5332 compared to about 90-250 km/s for the larger member galaxies) indicates that these galaxies are more probably background objects. ...
- The first evidence of intergalactic matter was discovered in the Sculptor group of galaxies in 1974, in intergalactic space between NGC 55 and NGC 300. ...
- The Star Formation Histories of Sculptor Group Dwarf Galaxies. ...
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