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1. The Fate of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy
- www.astro.wesleyan.edu
- The Fate of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy In 1994, astronomers in Cambridge University discovered a dwarf galaxy, located in the direction of the constelltaion of Sagittarius, whose morphology appeared to be severely distorted. ... The dwarf galaxy, initially a ball of stars (at the top of the picture), falls towards the Milky Way along the dashed line and is torn apart by immense tidal forces. ...
2. PERTH OBSERVATORY: Milky Way Galaxy
- www.wa.gov.au
- MILKY WAY GALAXY.
- This is the body of the Milky Way, the galaxy in which we live. Here in the southern part of Australia, the centre of the Milky Way passes almost directly overheadso we can obtain an excellent view of our galaxy.
- Now we know that we are like "suburban residents" of the Milky Way, situated well away from the centre of the galaxy. ...
- Containing over 100 billion stars (some of which may have planets!), and different types of interstellar gas and dust, the "body" of our galaxy is shaped like a great disc 300 light years thick and 100,000 light years across. It is a spiral galaxy, and our Sun is about two thirds of the way out from the centre along one of the spiral arms. ...
- The galaxy has four main parts: .
- The nuclear bulge: the galaxy is shaped like a pancake with a bulge at the centre. ...
- The corona is now believed to contain most of the mass of the galaxy.
- The galaxy is slowly rotating: our Sun takes about 250 million years to do one orbit of the galactic centre. ...
3. Galactic cannibalism
- www.iac.es
- Researchers from the IAC and the University of Geneva find the remains of Sagittarius, a dwarf galaxy "devoured" by the Milky Way .
- David Martínez, Antonio Aparicio y Ricardo Carrera, from the Stellar Populations in Galaxies group of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) and María Ángeles Gómez Flechoso of the University of Geneva have discovered what is considered to be the most solid observational proof so far of the destruction of a dwarf galaxy in the nearby vicinity of our Milky Way Galaxy. ...
- It was suspected that our own Milky Way Galaxy also took part in this mechanism; in other words, that, being large galaxy, it had acquired a goodly portion of its mass by "devouring" smaller galaxies. In 1994, a new dwarf galaxy, Sagittarius, was discovered very close to the Milky Way and located on the diametrically opposite side of the Galactic Centre from the Sun. This satellite orbiting the Milky Way is the closest known galaxy to us and is at present situated within the outermost diffuse limits of the Milky Way at a mere 15 kiloparsecs (kpc) from the Galactic Centre (1 kpc is equal to 3262 light years). ...
- From the first, it was thought that the Sagittarius galaxy had reached an advanced state of destruction, and that a large part of its original matter now formed part of the Milky Way. It now seemed possible to view directly the destruction of a dwarf galaxy (Sagittarius) as it was engulfed by a large galaxy (the Milky Way); in other words, an opportunity had arisen to study in detail and at first hand the mechanism governing the formation of large galaxies. If this were the case, it should then be possible to find stars that originally formed part of the dwarf galaxy, and that would now be strewn along its entire orbit, thereby constituting two streams encircling the Milky Way. ...
- Theoretical models predict the presence of another symmetric stream, extending to the north west, that could be so long as to encircle our Galaxy completely. ...
- Its position in the sky indicates that we are probably dealing with debris belonging to the northwest current of Sagittarius 60o (equivalent to 65 kpc measured along the orbit of Sagittarius) from the centre of the dwarf galaxy. These remants are the furthest from the centre of a progenitor galaxy ever detected and confirm that the Sagittarius galaxy has formed an arc that completely surrounds our Galaxy, just as predicted by theoretical models. ...
4. Galaxy Formation and the Development
- www.ncsa.uiuc.edu
- | Back | Map | Theater | Galaxy Formation and the Development of Large-Scale Structure: Caption.
- Galaxy Formation.
- This movie shows the formation of an individual galaxy that has been extracted from a much larger simulation. The region shown here is a 200 kiloparsec (kpc) cube centered on the forming galaxy. The simulated galaxy exhibits a rotationally supported disk structure, a feature that is characteristic of observed spiral galaxies. During the sequence a satellite galaxy orbits about the main galaxy similar to the way that the large and small Magellanic clouds orbit our own Milky Way galaxy. ...
5. The APM Galaxy Survey
- www-astro.physics.ox.ac.uk
- Summary of the APM Galaxy Survey .
- The APM Galaxy Survey is a computer-generated sky survey of over 2 million galaxies and 10 million stars, covering 1. ...
- Extensive computer processing of the resulting data has been done to give reliable star-galaxy classification (see Maddox et al in MNRAS 243, 692) and photometric matching using the plate overlap regions (see MNRAS 246, 433). ...
- 5 , with star-galaxy classification to B < 20. ...
- Highlights are the first quantitative demonstration that there is more large-scale structure than in the standard CDM model (Maddox et al, 1990, MNRAS 243, 43P), confirmed by a sparse-sampled redshift survey (Loveday et al, 1992, ApJ 400, L43), and an objective catalogue of galaxy clusters (Dalton et al, 1994, MNRAS 271, L47). ...
6. Press Release
- astro.u-strasbg.fr
- Astronomers find nearest galaxy to the Milky Way .
- An international team of astronomers from France, Italy, the UK and Australia has found a previously unknown galaxy colliding with our own Milky Way. This newly-discovered galaxy takes the record for the nearest galaxy to the centre of the Milky Way. Called the Canis Major dwarf galaxy after the constellation in which it lies, it is about 25000 light years away from the solar system and 42000 light years from the centre of the Milky Way. This is closer than the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, discovered in 1994, which is also colliding with the Milky Way. ...
- Until now, the dwarf galaxy lay undetected behind the dense disk. ...
- The new dwarf galaxy was detected by its M-giant stars -- cool, red stars that shine especially brightly in infrared light. "We have used these rare M-giant stars as beacons to trace out the shape and location of the new galaxy because its numerous other stars are too faint for us to see," explains Nicolas Martin, also of Strasbourg Observatory. ... " In this way, the astronomers found the main dismembered corpse of the dwarf galaxy in Canis Major and long trails of stars leading back to it. It seems that streams of stars pulled out of the cannibalised Canis Major galaxy not only contribute to the outer reaches of the Milky Way's disk, but may also pass close to the Sun. ...
- "On galactic scales, the Canis Major dwarf galaxy is a lightweight of about only one billion Suns," said Dr. ... "This small galaxy is unlikely to hold together much longer. ...
- "The Canis Major dwarf galaxy may have added up to 1% more mass to our Galaxy," said Dr Geraint Lewis of the University of Sydney. ... " "Past interactions of the sort we are seeing here could be responsible for some of the exquisite detail we see today in the structure of the Galaxy," says Dr Michael Irwin of the University of Cambridge. ...
- Animations Journey to the Canis Major galaxy (mpeg) .
- Evolution of the Canis Major galaxy orbiting the Milky Way for 2 billion years (mpeg) .
7. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
- www.csd.uwo.ca
- The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.
- Don't Panic! Relax, because everything you need to know about playing The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is contained in the pages of this manual. ... While you attempt to deal with this problem, your rather strange friend Ford Prefect drops by to tell you that the Earth is about to be demolished to make way for an interstellar bypass! If you survive this double threat, you'll embark on a series of inter-galactic misadventures even funnier than your worst nightmares! A special note for people who have read the book "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy". ...
- Title The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.
- The Science Fiction Classics collection consisted of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, Planetfall, and A Mind Forever Voyaging in a specially designed trilogy slipcase. ...
8. The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey
- www.mso.anu.edu.au
- The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) is a major spectroscopic survey taking full advantage of the unique capabilities of the 2dF facility built by the Anglo-Australian Observatory. ...
- The galaxies cover an area of approximately 1500 square degrees selected from the extended APM Galaxy Survey in three regions: an NGP strip, an SGP strip and random fields scattered around the SGP strip. ...
- The figure below shows the map of the galaxy distribution produced from the completed survey (other versions of this figure in various image formats are accessible from the 2dFGRS gallery). ...
- The survey has been used to address a variety of fundamental problems in galaxy formation and cosmology. ...
- An accurate measurement of the power spectrum of galaxy clustering on scales up to 300h-1 Mpc, allowing precise determinations of the total mass density of the universe and the baryon fraction (Percival et al. ...
- The first direct measurements of the galaxy bias parameter, both from higher-order correlations in the galaxy distribution (Verde et al. ...
- A characterization of the galaxy luminosity function in both the optical (Norberg et al. ...
- Constraints on the cosmic star-formation history from the mean galaxy spectrum in the local universe (Baldry et al. ...
9. Extreme Warp in Andromeda Galaxy
- www.ucolick.org
- ASTRONOMERS FIND EVIDENCE OF AN EXTREME WARP IN THE STELLAR DISK OF THE ANDROMEDA GALAXY.
- SANTA CRUZ, CA Astronomers have obtained new evidence of an extreme warp in the stellar disk of the Andromeda Galaxy (also known as M31), our nearest galactic neighbor. ...
- The new findings appear to confirm those observations and suggest that the warp in Andromeda may be the most extreme cases of a warped stellar disk ever observed in a spiral galaxy. ...
- The rotating body of stars and gas that characterizes a spiral galaxy is generally flat, but the outer regions may deviate from the plane of the disk, like an old record album exposed to too much heat. ...
- "The faint outer parts of the galaxy are more susceptible to warping because they are less strongly bound by the gravitational forces that keep the disk in a plane, and they are also more susceptible to the influence of neighboring galaxies," Guhathakurta explained. ...
- The Andromeda Galaxy is a good candidate for studying a warped stellar disk because the plane of its disk is inclined toward the Earth at an angle of about 77 degrees (an inclination angle of 90 degrees would give a perfectly edge-on view of the disk). ...
- The warping gives the galaxy a slightly S-shaped appearance, with the outer edge tilted above the plane of the disk on one side and below it on the opposite side. ...
- This second set of observations was the unanticipated by-product of an unrelated study of stars outside the disk of the galaxy. ...
- The Warped Stellar Disk of the Andromeda Spiral Galaxy.
- Four views of the Andromeda spiral galaxy (M31) at increasing contrast levels (top to bottom), presented to the American Astronomical Society meeting in San Diego, CA on January 9, 2001. ...
10. Andromeda Galaxy
- www.solstation.com
- Andromeda Galaxy.
- A Large Spiral Galaxy .
- Wider and possibly brighter than our own Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy was once thought to be the dominant member of the Local Group of galaxies. Although it is Milky Way's nearest large galactic neighbor, this large spiral galaxy (type Sb with two arms) still lies around 2. ... Andromeda can be seen by Human eyes from Earth without a telescope as a "little cloud" (see Akira Fujii's photo to better relate the galaxy's location to the brightest stars of Constellation Andromeda). ...
- (1931-93): "The first hint of the true nature of the Andromeda Galaxy came late in 1923 when several C epheid variable stars were identified in the system by Edwin Powell Hubble (1889-1953) who thus . ... "The galaxy is frequently referred to as M31 because it was the 31st object in the Messier Catalogue of diffuse objects that Charles Messier (1730-1817) found not to be comets. ...
- Milky Way, the galaxy appears to be .
- Although Andromeda was long thought to be the most massive galaxy in the Local Group, recent data suggest that Andromeda's visible mass may total around 300 to 400 billion Solar-masses. ...
- So far, only one supernova has been recorded in the Andromeda Galaxy, but it was the first to be detected outside the Milky Way. ...
- The faint outer parts of a spiral galaxy are more susceptible to warping because they are less strongly bound by the gravitational and other forces that keep disk stars in a plane and are also more susceptible to the influence of neighboring galaxies. ... However, the warp in Andromeda may be the most extreme case of a warped spiral galaxy found thus far. ...
- The "nuclear hot-spots" are located close together, considering that the galaxy's spiral disk has been estimated to be anywhere from 150,000 to more than 200,000 ly across while the observed central area measures only around 30 ly wide. ... As a result, some astronomers now believe that that one nucleus may be the remains a smaller satellite galaxy that was "eaten" by Andromeda (Corbin et al, 2001; Gerssen et al, 1995; and Lauer et al, 1993). ...
- By late 1999, however, at least 10 satellite galaxies of Andromeda were known, including NGC 185 (which was discovered by William Herschel), and NGC 147 (discovered by Heinrich Ludwig d'Arrest, 1822-1875) as well as the very faint dwarf systems And I, And II, And III, possibly And IV (which may be a cluster or a remote background galaxy), And V, And VI (also called the Pegasus dwarf), and And VII (also the Cassiopeia dwarf). ...
- Satellite galaxy M32 may be interacting to distort the disk structure of Andromeda itself, whose spiral arms of neutral hydrogen are displaced from those consisted of stars by around 4,000 light-years and so cannot be continuously followed in the area closest to its smaller neighbor. ...
11. Galaxies
- www.astronomynotes.com
- The Milky Way is between the ``b'' and ``c'' groups with a possible bar, so it is a Sbc or SBbc-type spiral galaxy. ... Some other examples of spiral galaxies are M31 (the Andromeda Galaxy) and M33 (a small spiral in the Local Group). ...
- Their gas and dust may been blown away by the galaxy moving quickly through the low-density intergalactic medium (hot, very thin gas between the galaxies) or used up in a rapid burst of star formation. ...
- The sequence of images below starting from top left and moving clockwise: the Andromeda Galaxy (=Messier 31, note M32 above it and M110 below it), Triangulum Galaxy (=Messier 33, small spiral in the Local Group), NGC 2997 (Sc grand-design spiral, may be barred), NGC 3351 (=Messier 95, SBb type), NGC 1365 (SBbc type, note looser arms), NGC 3031 (=Messier 81, Sb type, note it has a larger nucleus than NGC 2997 and tighter arms) .
- The Andromeda Galaxy (=M 31): a large spiral galaxy (Sb) near the Milky Way. ...
- The Triangulum Galaxy (=M 33): a small spiral galaxy (Scd) in the Local Group.
- Messier 81: a large spiral galaxy (Sb).
- NGC 2997: a large face-on spiral galaxy (Sc).
- NGC 1365: a barred spiral galaxy (SBbc).
- NGC 3351 (=M 95): a barred spiral galaxy (SBb).
12. Galaxy Photography
- www.galaxyphoto.com
- 2002 Galaxy Photography DIGITAL .
- Galaxy Photography .
- Galaxy Photography .
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