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• Gallstone Ileus of Duodenum.

• Promising New Directions For Gallstone Treatment.
• A promising experimental compound prevents cholesterol gallstone disease in mice by stimulating the biochemical pathway that controls bile acid secretion by the liver, according to new studies by Howard Hughes Medical Institute researchers.
• “After just five to seven days of treatment, these animals, which were on a diet that would normally produce cholesterol gallstone disease, showed no trace of the disease. ...
• The subsequent change in biochemical conditions and gallstone formation then triggers inflammation, which is the major symptom of patients suffering from cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD).
• Previous studies had indicated that FXR's activity is low in strains of mice that are more susceptible to gallstone disease.
• They then fed the mice a “lithogenic” diet, which is designed to induce gallstone formation because it is high in cholesterol and other components of bile.
• In contrast, susceptible mice that did not receive GW4064 showed evidence of gallstone formation. ...

• Accelerating Gallstone Dissolution .
• These results show that cholesterol gallstone dissolution, a potential nonsurgical therapy for cholelithiasis, can be accelerated little in slow bile, but more significantly in rapidly flowing bile. ...

• Ashcroft hospitalized with gallstone complications.
• • Gallstone Pancreatitis  • Health Library  .
• Attorney General John Ashcroft is in the intensive care unit of a Washington hospital after being admitted Thursday night for gallstone pancreatitis, the Justice Department said Friday. ...
• Emergency room doctors determined Ashcroft was suffering from a severe case of gallstone pancreatitis, and he was admitted to intensive care for monitoring and treatment with antibiotics, the department said. ...
• The condition occurs when a gallstone migrates from the gallbladder to the pancreas, causing a blockage. ...

• Arafat found to have gallstone .
• RAMALLAH, West Bank — Yasser Arafat has a gallstone, a Palestinian hospital official said yesterday, as the weakened Palestinian leader broke his Ramadan fast and underwent more tests at the urging of his doctors. ...
• The gallstone is not life threatening and can be easily treated, the official said. ...
• The ultrasound uncovered a 1-centimeter-long gallstone that did not register on the X-ray. ...

• November 21, 2004 Promising New Directions for Gallstone Treatment .
• A promising experimental compound prevents cholesterol gallstone disease in mice by stimulating the biochemical pathway that controls bile acid secretion by the liver, according to new studies by Howard Hughes Medical Institute researchers. ...
• After just five to seven days of treatment, these animals, which were on a diet that would normally produce cholesterol gallstone disease, showed no trace of the disease. ...
• “After just five to seven days of treatment, these animals, which were on a diet that would normally produce cholesterol gallstone disease, showed no trace of the disease. ...
• The subsequent change in biochemical conditions and gallstone formation then triggers inflammation, which is the major symptom of patients suffering from cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD). ...
• Previous studies had indicated that FXR's activity is low in strains of mice that are more susceptible to gallstone disease. ...
• They then fed the mice a “lithogenic” diet, which is designed to induce gallstone formation because it is high in cholesterol and other components of bile. ...
• In contrast, susceptible mice that did not receive GW4064 showed evidence of gallstone formation. ...

• Gallstone disease in Peruvian coastal natives and highland migrants.
• AIMSTo determine if high altitude ( 1500 m) is a contributing risk factor for gallstone disease.
• METHODSWe conducted a cross sectional study in a periurban community in Lima, Peru, and compared the prevalence of gallstone disease between coastal natives, highland (Sierra) natives and Sierra natives who had migrated to the coast. ... We examined 1534 subjects >15 years of age for gallstone disease. ...
• Females had a greater risk of gallstone disease, especially if they had used oral contraception and/or had four or more children. ... The prevalence of gallstone disease was not associated with time since migration or with having native Sierra parents. After adjusting for other risk factors, Sierra natives who migrated to the coast had a lower prevalence of gallstone disease than coastal natives (odds ratio 0. ...
• CONCLUSIONSThis study indicates that high altitude is not a positive risk factor for gallstone disease and confirms that this disease is common in Peruvians, which may be attributable to Peruvian-Indian ethnicity.
• Keywords: gallstone disease;  cholelithiasis;  high altitude;  risk factors;  epidemiology;  Peru .
• Gallstone disease is generally considered less of a health problem in developing than in developed countries. ...
• The advent of ultrasound and greater access to health care in remote areas of developing countries have improved the detection of gallstone disease in these regions. ... To improve our understanding of the disease in Peru, we conducted a prevalence study using a portable ultrasound in three villages of the Peruvian Andes (>3000 m above sea level) and found gallstone disease rates similar to those of Mexican-Americans from the USA4 5 but greater than those reported in most European or Asian countries. ...
• High rates of gallstone disease were reported in the high altitude villagers of Ladakh, India10 who, because of slow intestine transit time, have high rates of constipation, a risk factor for gallstone disease. 11 Gallstone formation may be increased at high altitude because slow intestinal transit can lead to increased bilirubin absorption and higher bile concentrations in the gall bladder. ...
• If high altitude is an important risk factor for gallstone disease, we would expect a higher risk of the disease in individuals living in high altitude villages compared with those living at low altitude. In our previous study we could not explore the effect of altitude on gallstone formation because of the lack of comparative community based baseline data for lower altitude villages. In this investigation, we studied the association between altitude and gallstone disease using cross sectional data from a Peruvian shanty town (pueblo joven) in the capital city of Lima, located at sea level. A pueblo joven provides an appropriate setting to study the association between altitude and gallstone disease because of the considerable migration that occurs from the Andes and from other regions of Peru to Lima. In this study, we compared the rates of gallstone disease between coastal natives and highland (Sierra) natives who migrated to the coast. ...

• Man Has Golf Ball-Sized Gallstone Removed.
• LOS ANGELES - A gallstone the size of a golf ball - about 16 times the size of a normal one - has been removed from a 56-year-old man, doctors say. ...
• Medina previously underwent a procedure that sends shock waves to the gallstone to fragment it while the patient is submerged in water. ...

• MedicineNet Home > Doctor's Views A-Z List > Digestion Overview > Ashcroft Surgery for Gallstone Pancreatitis.
• Ashcroft Surgery for Gallstone Pancreatitis.
• Ashcroft was hospitalized on March 4 with acute gallstone pancreatitis -- sudden inflammation of the pancreas due to a gallstone blocking the common duct through which the pancreas normally secretes digestive enzymes into the intestines.
• Cholecystectomy is therefore routinely done after a bout of gallstone pancreatitis.

• Monooctanoin use for gallstone dissolution .
• Complete gallstone dissolution has occurred in approximately 50-75 percent of patients receiving monooctanoin. ...

• Contributions of Obesity and Weight Loss to Gallstone Disease .
• Issues to be resolved include how different diets affect the risk for developing gallstones, the identification of other risk factors for gallstone formation during weight loss, the effect of weight loss among people with preexisting gallstones, and the optimum means of preventing gallstones during weight loss. ...
• Conclusions: During weight loss, particularly among the obese, an increased risk exists for symptomatic gallstone formation. ...
• Recently, the relation of gallstone formation to weight loss among the obese has been better defined through clinical research while receiving public attention through litigation brought against the diet industry 1 . ...
• In reality, the distribution of gallstone types is not accurately known in most clinical or any epidemiologic studies. ... Cholesterol crystal formation (visible by microscopy) followed by sludge formation (visible by gallbladder ultrasonography) are thought to be necessary precursors to cholesterol gallstone formation. The third requirement for gallstone formation is gallbladder hypomotility, which produces stasis of bile in the gallbladder, increased cholesterol supersaturation, and opportunities for cholesterol crystallization as well as gallstone formation and growth. ... Perhaps two of these three physical conditions, a kinetic defect and gallbladder hypomotility, may also predispose persons to pigment gallstone formation 5 . ...
• In ultrasonographic studies, gallstone disease is generally defined as the presence of gallstones or the surgical absence of the gallbladder. ...
• Obesity and Gallstone Disease .
• Obesity is an important risk factor for gallstone disease, more so for women than for men. Ultrasonographic studies and cohort studies of gallstone disease have frequently used body mass index (BMI = weight in kg/(height in m)2) to approximate obesity. In general, these studies have shown that overweight women with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more have at least double the risk for gallstone disease as women of normal weight with a BMI less than 25 kg/m2 6,7,8,9,10,11,12 . ... The Nurses Health Study 12 , which followed nearly 90 000 women for 8 years, found a substantial increase in the incidence of clinically recognized gallstone disease with increasing BMI and particularly among women with a BMI of at least 30 kg/m2. ... 4 times the incidence of gallstone disease among women with a BMI of less than 24 kg/m (2). This study 12 , although the largest ever done, used self-reported weights and relied on clinically recognized gallstone disease, which may occur more commonly among the obese with gallstones than among thinner persons with gallstones 9 . Despite these potential biases, it is obvious that obesity clearly confers a significant risk for gallstone disease among women. ...

• Gallbladder cancer is usually associated with gallstone disease, late diagnosis, unsatisfactory treatment, and poor prognosis. ...
• Secondary prevention of gallbladder cancer could be effective if supported by cost–effective studies of prophylactic cholecystectomy among asymptomatic gallstone patients in high–risk areas. ...
• Progression of Gene Hypermethylation in Gallstone Disease Leading to Gallbladder Cancer.

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