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1. Objects and the Hearer
- www.ics.mq.edu.au
- Objects and the Hearer .
- Hearer information: .
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2. Definition of hearer - WordReference.com Dictionary
- www.wordreference.com
- hearer hɪrɜ: .
- hearer, listener, auditor, attender.
- Category Tree:entity╚object; physical_object╚living_thing; animate_thing╚organism; being╚person; individual; someone; somebody; mortal; human; soul╚perceiver; observer; beholder╚hearer, listener, auditor, attender╚eavesdropper.
- Look up "hearer" at Merriam-Webster.
- Look up "hearer" at dictionary. ...
- hearer.
- hearer: .
3. hearer - Definition of hearer - hearer in Encyclopedia - DictionaryWords.net
- www.dictionarywords.net
- 2 definitions found From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) i: Hearer \Hear"er\, n. ... 7 i: hearer n : someone who listens attentively syn: listener, auditor, attender .
4. HLW: Word Meanings: Deixis and Person
- www.indiana.edu
- An utterance needs to be distinguished from a particular word, phrase, or sentence because an utterance has an utterance context, a particular Speaker, Hearer, time, and place, in addition a linguistic form. I'll sometimes refer to the Speaker and Hearer as utterance participants. ...
- Or he could use a word which refers to the Hearer, whoever that might be. ... Without knowing the utterance context, or at least knowing who the Hearer is, we have no idea what the referent of you is. ... The word form, you, is part of the form of the utterance and is joined by the meaning arrow to the role of Hearer rather than to a particular individual (as for proper nouns) or a category (as for common nouns). ...
- For each utterance of you, the word gets its interpretation from the utterance context, that is, who it is that fills the role of Hearer. So in our example, with Clark as the Speaker and Lois as the Hearer, the situation is as shown in the figure below. ...
- You is an example of a deictic expression, an expression that gets its meaning directly from the utterance context, that make reference to one or more of the roles in the utterance context: the Speaker, the Hearer, the location, or the time. ...
- Just as we have an English word to refer to whoever the Hearer is, we have a word to refer to whoever the Speaker is: I. ...
- Conventionally first person is used for reference to the Speaker, and second person is used for reference to the Hearer. ... And reference that does not include the Speaker but includes at least the Hearer is considered second person; thus the Southern English pronoun y'all is second person. ...
- What about reference to things (or abstractions) that are (or include) neither the Speaker nor the Hearer? Here things get a little more complicated. ...
- This sentence makes reference to three different things, and none of these involves the Speaker or Hearer. ...
- Just as we have first and second person pronouns which say nothing more about the referent than that it is (or includes) the Speaker or Hearer, we have third person pronouns which say little more about the referent than that it does not include the Speaker or Hearer. ... Notice that these pronouns do provide a little more information about the referent than that is third person (neither Speaker nor Hearer). ... He refers to something that is not the Speaker or Hearer and is perceived as male. ... ) Similarly, she refers to something that is not the Speaker or Hearer and is perceived as female, and it and that refer to something which is perceived as non-human. ...
5. The Guessing Game
- talking-heads.csl.sony.fr
- One person or artificial agent plays the role of speaker and the other one then plays the role of hearer. ... The speaker chooses one object from the scene, further called the topic, and gives a verbal hint to the hearer so that he or she can guess what topic the speaker had in mind.
- Based on the verbal hint, the hearer tries to guess what topic the speaker has chosen, and communicates his choice to the speaker by pointing to the object.
- The game succeeds if the topic guessed by the hearer is equal to the topic chosen by the speaker. In this case both the speaker and the hearer get points. The game fails if the guess was wrong or if the speaker or the hearer failed at some earlier point in the game. ...
6. Abstract of a Doctoral Dissertation
- www.soc.uu.se
- Most fundamentally, the social situation of dialogue permits a speaker to use observable events (in particular, utterances) to compel a hearer to generate specific and expectable assumptions about some of the speaker's intentions and beliefs (among other mental states). ...
- In a second step, it is demonstrated that the bilateral operation of these constraints allows the hearer of an utterance to make a systematic guess at the intentions and beliefs that led its speaker to produce it. Furthermore, this bilateral operation allows the speaker to anticipate the hearer's guess-work and, therefore, to plan beforehand what assumptions about his mental states he wants the hearer to make. ...
- Paul Grice, the dissertation shows that the hearer's search for ascribable mental states is organized around the central task of imputing an underlying informative intention. This intention does not (necessarily) correspond to the specific intention the speaker "really had" when he made his utterance, but it corresponds to the intention the speaker could anticipate the hearer would ascribe him. By means of this expectable imputation, the hearer arrives at an adequate explanation of what social goal the speaker meant to achieve by means of his utterance. The hearer can ascribe additional mental states, such as beliefs, emotions or expectations in order to rationalize this intention, but only to the extent that they are actually relevant to doing so. ...
- In many dialogues, the hearer can respond to the original utterance with a second turn, the original speaker can then make a third turn, and so forth. ...
7. pragmatics@Everything2.com
- www.everything2.com
- The hearer has to use the context, some common-sense assumptions, and cues about the speaker's intention in order to make inferences about their meaning. ...
- The hearer probably knows who's speaking, but they also need to know or work out from context who the other people in we are: partner, family, school party? They also need to be able to get what place there is. ... But the speaker might not have mentioned any other people, and it might be up to the hearer to infer that the speaker usually means their family when they say 'we' went somewhere. ...
- The hearer has to enrich the speaker's utterance and infer that they went there last Tuesday, since this is normally what Tuesday means in most contexts. ... This information might already be available to the hearer: hearing We went there on Tuesday they can infer that We couldn't get in. ...
- I've been using the terms 'speaker' and 'hearer' but of course all these applies to writing and Sign language just as much as to speech. ...
- The example I've been using so far is fairly explicit: after resolving any ambiguity, working out who and what is being referred to, and enriching vague words, you have a clear statement that We went there on Tuesday, and this might be enough for the hearer to understand exactly what the speaker meant. ...
- Depending not only on how it's said (such as hesitantly, nervously, warmly, or with shock), but also on common knowledge or prior assumptions or previous speech between these individuals, it could be an accusation that the hearer failed to turn up: or a warning that the speaker knows the hearer is lying about having been there all week: or a recommendation that it was worth going to again: or an invitation to go there. ...
- The hearer infers what the speaker intended by using that form of speech rather than the simplest and most direct. ...
- They also say we have a specific communicative principle of relevance, which is that we can assume that overt communication, whether speech or some other act of attracting someone's attention to something, is intended to be relevant, and not just relevant but significantly relevant: when a speaker says something, it's intended to be worth the hearer's effort to process it. ... When instead they choose a roundabout or metaphorical or apparently unconnected thing to say, they must have intended something extra in it to make it worth the hearer's extra effort. ...
8. HEARER Genealogy
- www.onegreatfamily.com
- 3 HEARER family members are in the OneGreatFamily Tree.
- To see these HEARER family members sign up now for our 7-day FREE Trial. Within minutes you can be viewing all the HEARER family information in the OneGreatFamily Tree.
- Let us find your HEARER ancestors for you.
- Access years of HEARER genealogy research done by others.
9. Future Forum - Germany's discussion board for Jungle, Drum & Bass, Breakbeat - Profil ansehen: MC Hearer
- www.future-music.net
- MC Hearer .
- Profil ansehen: MC Hearer.
- MC Hearer Regular Junglist .
- MC Hearer hat sich für folgende Termine angekündigt.
- Suche alle Beiträge von MC Hearer.
- Suche alle von MC Hearer erstellten Themen.
- E-Mail: Eine E-Mail an MC Hearer schicken .
- Private Nachricht: Eine Private Nachricht an MC Hearer schicken .
- MC Hearer ist kein Mitglied einer öffentlichen Benutzergruppe.
10. Tik-Tok of Oz, by L. Frank Baum; The Long-Eared Hearer Learns by Listening Page 2
- www.pagebypagebooks.com
- The Long-Eared Hearer Learns by Listening.
- The King shuddered as he said "eggs," and Kaliko also shuddered, and so did the Long-Eared Hearer; for eggs are the only things that the nomes greatly dread. ...
- Ruggedo shrugged impatiently and turned to the Hearer. ...
11. Politeness Strategy Examples
- logos.uoregon.edu
- It usually tries to minimize the distance between them by expressing friendliness and solid interest in the hearer's need to be respected (minimize the FTA).
- Attend to the hearer:.
- Negative Politeness: The main focus for using this strategy is to assume that you may be imposing on the hearer, and intruding on their space. ...
- In this situation you are hoping that you will not have to ask directly, so as not to impose and take up the hearer's time. ...
- This takes all responsibility off of only you and onto "we", even if you were the person responsible for telling the hearer when the deadline was to buy the ticket.
12. Language Generation
- www-rohan.sdsu.edu
- Each proposition must specify whether it is believed by the speaker, the hearer, or is shared by both parties. ...
- Note that I, the speaker need a means of representing knowledge that the hearer has but which I do not. ...
- The intentional aspect of text generation attends to the goals of the speaker and hearer. These can be goals to move the boundary of common knowledge to include more of the speaker's knowledge (by informing the hearer), or to move the boundary on the hearer's side (by asking him or her a question); it can also involve attempts to get the hearer to do something, etc. ...
- Event: hearer answers question about proposition .
- Result: proposition moves from hearer's beliefs to shared beliefs .
- Roles: speaker , hearer , question , proposition .
- Preconditions: hearer knows about question ; question is about proposition .
- We might apply this plan if we had a goal to move proposition from hearer's beliefs to shared beliefs. Note that upon deciding to find out by asking, the next step would be to set a goal to cause hearer to know about question . ...
- Examples might be to keep the number of pending questions to a minumum, to reduces cases where the computer's beliefs are known to differ from the hearer's, etc. ...
- 'The' won't work because the hearer doesn't know by dog (not part of our shared knowledge), but 'My' would work, because the hearer knows ME. ...
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