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• Ocean tides once spread massive icebergs: Study.
• Labrador Sea ocean tides dislodged huge Arctic icebergs thousands of years ago, carrying gigantic ice-rafted debris across the ocean and contributing to the ice age's deep freeze, say an international team of university researchers. ...
• The study, published in the November issue of Nature, is the first to suggest that ocean tides contributed to enigmatic Heinrich events, a phenomenon where colossal discharges of icebergs periodically flowed into the North Atlantic from about 60,000 to 10,000 years ago. The events occurred during the deep throes of the ice age and the new study shows that tides added to the chill by breaking gigantic icebergs from the ice sheet covering northern Canada. ...
• "We can safely assume that the tides played a key role in breaking the ice and launching the icebergs into the ocean. ...

• Reading Home > Book 3 > Unit 2: Danger—Icebergs!.
• for "Danger—Icebergs!" by Roma Gans.

• The Arctic: the ocean, sea ice, icebergs, and climate.
• Icebergs and the Titanic.
• (right or below) The grey shaded area is the normal range of icebergs in the North Atlantic in spring. Observations of extreme icebergs or growlers are indicated. ...
• It is notable that huge icebergs last to such a low latitude (the same as that of Rome), after drifting from Baffin Bay within the Arctic Circle (Fig 2). ... It is estimated that of the 15,000 to 30,000 icebergs produced annually by the glaciers of Greenland only one percent (150 to 300) ever make it to the Atlantic Ocean. ...
• Icebergs of course extend much deeper in the water than they are high. ... While almost all icebergs in the Southern Ocean are tabular (flat top), most are not in the Arctic, as in Fig 2.
• In the winter and early spring icebergs are found as far south as 45ºN near Newfoundland, due to the Labrador current. This puts some icebergs in the main transatlantic shipping lane, a fact which proved fatal to the Titanic. ...

• Long before the Antarctica continent can be seen, vestiges of its glaciers and ice-shelves in the form of massive icebergs loom on the horizon.
• Icebergs come in all shapes and sizes. ... Icebergs themselves can also be categorised into tabular, irregular or rounded icebergs and their shape is usually an indication of their age.   Antarctica as a rule has much larger icebergs than the Arctic. ... Some icebergs breaking off from the Antarctic shelf can be a much as 2,500 sq. ...
• Each year an enormous number of icebergs calve from Antarctica. While the resulting icebergs do eventually melt, many last for years and even decades if they become grounded. ... One of the longest icebergs ever recorded, designated a B9, broke away from the Ross Ice Shelf in October 1987. ... The largest icebergs originate from the ice-shelves. ...
• Most icebergs are less than 180 yards (200 m) across at the waterline. The biggest icebergs, which account for only 4 per cent by number, are 51 per cent of the entire volume of ice. These giants are tabular icebergs which calve from ice-sheets and are often 650 to 1000 feet (200 to 300 m) thick. The paths of icebergs larger than 10 km across can be plotted by satellite images. Icebergs may mainly drift under the influence of currents and their depth draught (the portion below the waterline) may cause them to run aground.
• Icebergs that drift northwards melt quickly in the warmer seas, but close to the Antarctic coast where the sea-water temperature measures only +1°C, they can last for years. While melting does not play a big role in the disintegration of the larger icebergs, it is the main reason why small icebergs eventually disappear.   The amazing shapes that irregular and rounded icebergs often acquire is the result of melting under water, so that when the icebergs roll upside down the sculptured forms become visible. ...

• Unequaled Extremes | Looking for Life | Life in the Icebox | Of Time Machines and Icebergs | Resources.
• OF TIME MACHINES AND ICEBERGS.
• But others say there is evidence -- and it can be found in the enormous icebergs that are breaking free from Antarctica every year.
• Unequaled Extremes | Looking for Life | Life in the Icebox | Of Time Machines and Icebergs | Resources .

• Researchers to size up Antarctic icebergs.
• A cluster of huge Antarctic icebergs that broke free from the Ross Ice Shelf last March will be the subject of a research project by the University of Chicago and the University of Wisconsin-Madison this January.
• The icebergs, adrift in the Ross Sea, eventually could threaten supply lines to Antarctica but also offer an unprecedented opportunity for study, National Science Foundation officials say.
• Scientists from both institutions will travel to the icebergs by ice breaker ship and helicopter to place instruments that will monitor their movement.
• Douglas MacAyeal, a professor of geophysical sciences at the University of Chicago, and George Weidner, a research scientist with UW's Space Science and Engineering Center, will head the effort to place automated weather stations and global positioning devices on the drifting icebergs in mid-January.
• Julie Palais, a glaciologist with the National Science Foundation and the project manager, said last week that "we really don't know what these icebergs are going to do, but it is entirely possible that one may drift into McMurdo Sound and thus interfere with marine activities. ...
• But Palais also sees the massive icebergs as a lucky chance to learn. The icebergs, she said, "give us an opportunity, without too complicated logistics, to learn why and how they drift where they do. ...
• The two largest icebergs, rectangular in shape, measure about 100 miles and 85 miles across and were drifting in the general direction of McMurdo Sound before stalling in September, well away from any vital shipping lanes.
• Time-lapse infrared satellite images obtained by Matt Lazzara at UW's Antarctic Meteorological Research Center show the massive icebergs ratcheting away from the Ross Ice Shelf in the Ross Sea and heading in the general direction of McMurdo Sound. While no one knows exactly what the icebergs will do, their sheer size presents some potential problems that have never been addressed in the brief history of Antarctic exploration.
• In late September this year, one of the large icebergs collided with the Ross Ice Shelf and jarred loose a smaller iceberg, dubbed C-16 by the National Ice Center. ...
• Peter West, a spokesman for the National Science Foundation, said in an interview earlier this month that the icebergs pose no danger yet, but he does not downplay the concern by officials.
• MacAyeal said Thursday that the icebergs are among the largest floating objects ever witnessed. ...
• MacAyeal says that if these icebergs melted, they would supply Los Angeles with water for 50 years.
• Weidner, who is building the instruments slated for the icebergs, has been traveling to Antarctica since 1980, where he has erected and maintained dozens of automated weather stations in remote areas of Antarctica. ...

• Green icebergs.
• Green Icebergs.
• Bottle-green icebergs have often been reported by visitors to Antarctica. ... Another has attributed the colour to an optical illusion when blue ice is illuminated by a low lying red sun, however, green icebergs stand out among white and blue icebergs under a variety of light conditions. ...
• There is general consensus, however, on the origin of green icebergs. ... Green icebergs become visible after "normal " looking icebergs have capsized displaying the layer of marine ice underneath. ...
• Efforts are being made to conclusively determine the factors responsible for the green colour of the icebergs. ...
• (1992) The origin of green icebergs in Antarctica. ...
• Allison (1993) Green Icebergs formed by freezing of organic-rich seawater to the base of Antarctic ice shelves. ...
• The Bottle-Green Icebergs of Antarctica.

• In Spring and early summer icebergs are visible along the east coast of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... This summer when the Matthew, a replica of John Cabot's ship, arrived in Bonavista there were two spectacular icebergs just off shore. ...

• Icebergs Sighted Off Southern New Zealand.
• Icebergs Sighted Off Southern New Zealand.
• In an uncommon event, icebergs have been spotted in New Zealand waters.
• Dr Lionel Carter, a principal scientist at NIWA, says the icebergs have been transported from Antarctica in the fast flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current. “Clusters of icebergs have been seen in the deep ocean east of Campbell Island,” says Dr Carter. Fifteen icebergs, some up to 3 km wide, were recorded in a single sighting just before Christmas.
• The icebergs are a hazard to shipping, including fishing vessels and yachts participating in the Vendéeglobe race, where sailors are racing solo, non-stop around the world. ...
• Dr Carter has provided advice to the Rescue Coordination Centre on how the icebergs got into the area. ...
• Dr Carter says the icebergs may have been generated by large break-ups of the vast ice shelves in Ross Sea and Weddel Sea in recent years. “Clearly large quantities of ice were originally involved because the icebergs have survived a journey of several thousands of kilometers in relatively warm water (5 to 8°C). ...
• Icebergs have previously been reported in New Zealand waters in the 1890s, early 1920s, 1930s and in 1948. In 1892, icebergs extended as far north as Chatham Rise and in 1931 as far as the latitudes of Dunedin. ...
• “Icebergs were seen in New Zealand waters well before significant warming of the climate. ...

• Icebergs Tipprunde.
• Tipprunde "Icebergs Tipprunde".
• Willkommen in der Tipprunde "Icebergs Tipprunde"! © 1995-2004 kicktipp. ...

• Ninety years after the Titanic, the Ice Patrol guards against icebergs .
• OFF THE COAST OF NEWFOUNDLAND - The icebergs may be big, but the ocean is endless.
• Every other week during the iceberg season — usually, from February to July — the Ice Patrol flies over the North Atlantic, keeping track especially of the southernmost area in which icebergs have been spotted. ...
• Coast Guard on behalf of 17 countries, has been looking for icebergs since 1913, when a horrified world resolved that it would never again allow the kind of accident that sent the Titanic to the Atlantic's floor.
• There, it is plugged into computer models that will project the drift of the icebergs; twice a day, the patrol issues reports that are dispatched to the nations that share in the dlrs 11,000-an-hour cost of the patrol's flights.
• The icebergs calve from Greenland's glaciers, the result of thousands of years of accumulated snow. ...
• Most of the time, the ice picks fly at 6,500 feet (1,950 meters), and the icebergs appear to be "a thumbnail on the horizon," Desh says. About 70 percent of the time, he says, they don't see the icebergs at all — they're obscured by clouds or fog, and are only observed by radar.
• On this year's 90th anniversary, on April 15, the C-130 dipped to 400 feet (120 meters), affording the crew a remarkable view of two icebergs, one of them about the size of the one the Titanic hit. ...

• on “Catastrophic ice shelf breakup as the source of Heinrich event icebergs”.
• on “Catastrophic ice shelf breakup as the source of Heinrich event icebergs”, Paleoceanography, 20, PA1011, doi:10. ...

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